Abstract для научной статьи

sas_proz wrote:Даже самый поверхностный поиск в Интернете даст примеры того и другого стиля.

mk_lab wrote:свои строгие правила оформления

Nik-On/Off wrote:

У меня тут недавно был спор с одним профессором. Он утверждал, что писать "we" (we determined, we studied и т.д.) в рефератах/резюме нельзя, а нужно использовать пассивные конструкции.
Найти какие-то правила на этот счёт мне не удалось.
Друзья, кто что знает по этому поводу? Поделитесь опытом.
И ещё один момент. Какое время надо использовать в абстрактах: past, present perfect, present? Существуют ли какие-то рекомендации по этому вопросу?

Спасибо заранее.

First vs. Third Person: If there is one stylistic area where scientific disciplines and journals vary widely, it is the use of first vs. third person constructions. Some disciplines and their journals (e.g., organismal biology and ecology) have moved away from a very strict adherence to the third person construction, and permit limited use of the first person in published papers. Other disciplines, especially the biomedical fields, still prefer the third person constrcution. Limit your use of first person construction (i.e., " I (or we) undertook this study ....): usually it is most acceptable in the Introduction and Discussion sections, and then only to a limited extent. Use first person in the methods sparingly if at all, and avoid its use in the results.
http://abacus.bates.edu/~ganderso/biology/resources/writing/HTWgeneral.html

Use first person when it helps to keep your meaning clear and to express a purpose or a decision.

Jones reported xyz, but I (or we) found . . .
I (or we) present here a detailed study . . .
My (or our) recent work demonstrated . . .
To determine the effects of structure on photophysics, I (or we) . . .

However, avoid phrases such as “we believe”, “we feel”, “we concluded”, and “we can see”, as well as personal opinions.

Use Active Verbs: Use active verbs whenever possible; writing that overly uses passive verbs (is, was, has, have, had) is deadly to read and almost always results in more words than necessary to say the same thing.
ACTIVE: "the mouse consumed oxygen at a higher rate..."
PASSIVE: "oxygen was consumed by the mouse at a higher rate.."
The clarity and effectiveness of your writing will improve dramatically as you increase the use of the active voice.
http://abacus.bates.edu/~ganderso/biology/resources/writing/HTWgeneral.html

Use the active voice when it is less wordy and more direct than the passive.
http://www.oup.com/us/samplechapters/0841234620/?view=usa

Use appropriate verb tenses.
Simple past tense is correct for stating what was done, either by others or by you: “The solutions were heated to boiling.” “The spectra were recorded.” “Jones reviewed the literature and gathered much of this information.” “We recently found that relativistic effects enhance the bond strength.” “The structures were determined by neutron diffraction methods.”
Present tense is correct for statements of fact: “Absolute rate constants for a wide variety of reactions are available.” “Hyperbranched compounds are macromolecular compounds that contain a branching point in each structural repeat unit.”
Present and simple past tenses may both be correct for results, discussion, and conclusions: “The characteristics of the voltammetric wave indicate that electron transfer and breaking of the carbon-iodine bond are concerted.” “The absence of substitution was confirmed by preparative-scale electrolysis at a potential located at the foot of the voltammetric wave.” “IR spectroscopy shows that nitrates are adsorbed and are not removed by washing with distilled water.”
http://www.oup.com/us/samplechapters/0841234620/?view=usa

Use Past Tense: Research papers reflect work that has been completed, therefore use the past tense throughout your paper (including the Introduction) when referring to the actual work that you did, including statements about your expectations or hypotheses. Use the past tense, as well, when referring to the work of others that you may cite.
http://abacus.bates.edu/~ganderso/biology/resources/writing/HTWgeneral.html