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06:51 Jul 21, 2019 |
Dutch to English translations [PRO] Tourism & Travel / landschap Achterhoek | |||||||
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| Selected response from: Kitty Brussaard Netherlands Local time: 12:12 | ||||||
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Summary of answers provided | ||||
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5 | ash tree landscape |
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3 +1 | landscape with plaggen soils |
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3 | arable/pasture land immediately around a village |
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Summary of reference entries provided | |||
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Refs |
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arable/pasture land immediately around a village Explanation: het geheel van het aaneengelegen bouwland rondom een dorp, ten dele ook als weiland gebruikt van Dale |
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ash tree landscape Explanation: a landscape characterized by ash trees https://verantwoordeveehouderij.nl/show/Kennismaken-met-het-landschap.htm |
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landscape with plaggen soils Explanation: Or: landscape with enkeerd soils. See the examples in my reference comment and see f.i. also: https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Es_(geografie) https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerdgronden -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 9 days (2019-07-30 10:30:54 GMT) Post-grading -------------------------------------------------- The elevated arable lands in the sand district were locally raised with sods of heath and forest litter, which was often first used as absorbent in animal stables. This soil improvement technique started around 1300 in the southern sandy soils and slowly extended to the east and the north of the Netherlands, resulting in the formation of plaggen- or thick earth soils (section 2.6.3). These raised arable lands, so-called “essen” or “enken”, were first mainly used for the production of rye and later also hemp and barley. Of course, this led to further infertility and degradation of those soils where the sods/plaggen were derived from. At around 1500 AD, large open sandy areas started to erode as a result of overgrazing and sod-cutting for plaggen soils (Kootwijk member of the Boxtel formation, section 2.3.2). From the 17th and 18 th century onward, the extent of arable land further increased as a result of more efficient fertilizing methods (“potstal”-approach) and larger live stock. https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/1874/13275/20/c2.pdf |
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Reference: Refs Reference information: 'Essen' landscape: small farmer villages on the edge or in the middle of large arable fields surrounded by closed strips of planting to keep animals away. Deciduous forest at the coversand-ridges. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223666144_Some_crit... With regard to the Pleistocene sandy areas, the emphasis is put on the essen (ancient plots of arable land, also called plaggen soils or enkeerd soils). https://tinyurl.com/y38x56kf Plaggen soil or plaggic anthrosol[1] is a type of soil created in parts of northwest Europe[2] in the Middle Ages, as a result of so-called "plaggen" agriculture on marginal podzol soils. In order to fertilize the fields, pieces of heath or grass including roots and humus ("plaggen") were cut and used as bedding for cattle. In springtime, this bedding, enriched with slurry was then spread over the fields near the village as manure. The long term practice of this form of agriculture created a rich agricultural soil to a depth of between 40 cm and over 1.50 m,[3] unlike modern arable soils, which tend to be just 30 centimetres deep. The raised fields give rise to a typical landscape with sharp breaks in elevation and are called Plaggenesche in Germany or Es in Dutch. This form of agriculture stopped around 1900 with the introduction of fertilizers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaggen_soil Overview of Dutch landscapes with open field system and plaggen soils http://users.bart.nl/~leenders/hgt/26-2b.html Sand landscapes occupy about half of the territory of the Netherlands. Apart from an insignificant amount of Tertiary deposits, these sands are of Pleistocene and Holocene age. They include Saalian push moraines, Weichselian cover sands and Holocene drift sands. To these geological landscapes, cultural variants should be added such as the essen, i.e. a landscape with plaggen soils, and reclaimed lands (e.g. former moors). http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16.7125J |
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32 days |
Reference: refs Reference information: Huitenga: NEDERLANDS-ENGELS WOORDENBOEK VOOR LANDBOUWWETENSCHAPPEN: ES II, (Ned.) arable land of a Saxon village //in Drenthe, etc.//; (hist.) open field; unenclosed arable land of a Saxon settlement; zie ook ES-GROND. ESGROND, (Ned.) sandy soil that has been improved by long-continued manuring with heather-sod compost. |
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