interpretatie zin
Dutch translation: Experts zijn het erover eens dat de volgende maatregelen nodig zijn om een Holstein vaars voor verva
| 13:26 Mar 14, 2014 |
| English to Dutch translations [PRO] Agriculture / veeteelt en voeding | |||||||
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|  Selected response from: Nicolaas Nuyens (X) Netherlands | ||||||
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| 4 +1 | Experts zijn het erover eens dat de volgende maatregelen nodig zijn om een Holstein vaars voor verva |
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| context / develop / replacement |
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| Discussion entries: 16 | |
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Answers
28 mins confidence: 
peer agreement (net): +1
peer agreement (net): +1Experts zijn het erover eens dat de volgende maatregelen nodig zijn om een Holstein vaars voor verva Explanation: Experts recognise that in order to develop a Holstein replacement heifer weighing 545 kg after calving at 22 to 24 months, the following practices should be used: Experts zijn het erover eens dat de volgende maatregelen nodig zijn om een Holstein vaars voor vervanging op een gewicht van 545 kg na het afkalven op een leeftijd van 22 tot 24 maanden te krijgen. Jouw vertaling is in principe correct, maar op sommige plaatsen niet geheel overeenkomstig de gangbare vaktaal. (in ben landbouwkundig ingenieur en heb jaren lang koeien gemolken :)) |
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Notes to answerer
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1 day 13 hrs |
| Reference: context / develop / replacement Reference information: maximizing genetic potential Experts recognize that in order to develop a Holstein replacement heifer weighing 1200 lb (544.3 kg) after calving at 22-24 months, the following practices should be used: • Feed high-quality colostrum within an hour of birth and again within 12 hours. • Maximize starter feed intake through weaning to stimulate rumen papillae development. • Provide clean, fresh water at all times to stimulate starter intake. • Wean calf when starter intake reaches 2 lb (1 kg) for two consecutive days. • From weaning to calving, adjust nutrition program to ensure 1.8 to 2 lb (0.82 to 0.91 kg) average daily gain. • Breed when heifers reach 800-850 lb (363-385 kg) body weight at 13-14 months of age. http://www.pdpw.org/library/exhibitors/SS_DA008_calf_0313_FI... develop Replacement heifer development and cow depreciation is the largest expense to most cow-calf operations after feed for mature cows. Thus, producers should strive for systems that optimize replacement heifer development costs, timely pregnancies, and cow herd longevity. In the past several decades, post-weaning development of replacement heifers has focused on feeding heifers to reach a target body weight of 60 to 65% of mature weight at breeding to achieve acceptable pregnancy rates (85 to 95%) in a 45 to 70 day breeding season. This development system was based on historical research indicating heifers bred at approximately 14 months of age should reach this target weight for acceptable pregnancy rates to be achieved. In an effort to reduce costs, recent research has focused on comparing traditional, more intensive replacement heifer development systems to systems utilizing more inexpensive feed resources to develop heifers to lighter target body weights at breeding (i.e., 50 to 57% of mature weight compared with 60 to 65% of mature weight). Research has demonstrated replacement heifers developed to lower target weights, but are on a positive plane of nutrition before the breeding season through calving can have acceptable pregnancy rates and longevity. These lower-input systems allow producers to develop replacement heifers at lower costs without sacrificing reproductive performance. Why have recommendations for heifer target body weight at breeding changed? Genetic Selection Much of the research recommending heifers be at a target weight of 60 to 65% of mature weight by breeding was conducted from the late 1960s through the 1980s. Since then, the genetic makeup of the U.S. cowherd has changed significantly. Age of puberty does not seem to be limiting heifer development programs as it did in the past. Heifers are reaching puberty at younger ages and at a lower percentage of their mature weight than has occurred historically. These genetic trends have been realized by widespread management changes and the use of Expected Progeny Differences (EPDs) in the selection for a variety of traits, including scrotal circumference and yearling weight. Greater Understanding of Heifer Development Physiology Timing of body weight gain: Use of timing when body weight gain occurs in replacement heifer development can be used to reduce development costs. Heifers developed to 50 to 57% of mature weight at breeding can still achieve acceptable pregnancy rates (80 to 95% during a 45 to 60 day breeding season) if the period of slower weight gain is followed by a positive energy balance prior to and through the breeding season. Heifers developed on crop residue or native range at low rates of gain have demonstrated compensatory gain in the spring when placed on higher quality forage. When this compensatory/higher rate of gain coincides with breeding, either A.I. or natural service, it appears to benefit conception and maintenance of pregnancy. Learning to be a Cow Replacement heifers developed on forages (often low-quality) they will utilize as cows are often better adapted to their environment than heifers in intensive development systems. It is hypothesized grazing is a learned behavior, suggesting heifers developed on grazed forages acquire more experience consuming forage, allowing them to better utilize these same feed resources as cows. Intensively developed heifers appear to undergo a learning and adaptation phase when introduced to forages, which can coincide with a time when they are already nutritionally challenged as growing yearling heifers being bred for their first calf. ...... Summary Development systems targeting 12 to 14 month old heifers to be at 50 to 57% of mature weight at the time of breeding can result in acceptable pregnancy rates. These systems must employ adequate nutrition prior to and through the breeding season as these heifers need to experience compensatory gain from breeding to calving to ensure adequate size and body condition to calve successfully. Development systems utilizing lower quality forages allow heifers to be developed at lower costs than intensive development systems. When changing to a lower-input development system, it is recommended to initially retain more replacement heifers than needed to determine how herd genetics will respond to a reduced nutritional environment during development. http://www.farms.com/news/reducing-replacement-heifer-develo... Uit diverse onderzoeken is gebleken dat een goed ontwikkelde vaars bij afkalven, op een leeftijd tussen de 23 en 24 maanden, de hoogste levensproductie en levensduur laat zien. Het RumiMilk opfokprogramma staat borg voor een optimale start en jeugdgroei. Deze twee zijn voorwaarde om het doel van afkalven op 24 maanden met een goede ontwikkeling te behalen. Centraal in het RumiMilk opfokprogramma staan: •Voorkomen van te magere kalveren in het begin van de opfok •Voorkomen van cryptosproridioses, coccidiose, verteringsproblematiek •Het RumiMilk Compactprogramma •Compleet pakket kalvermelk en kalvervoeders die op elkaar aansluiten •Voer binnen 4 uur na de geboorte minimaal 1½ liter biest en minimaal drie keer 2 liter biest binnen de eerste 24 uur. etc. http://www.rumivar.nl/rumimilk/ replacement Je kunt 'melkvaars' gebruiken als je weet of de 'replacement heifer' inderdaad dient ter vervanging van een melkveestapel. Een 'replacement heifer' kan ook betrekking hebben op een 'vleesveestapel', dan zou het een 'vleesvaars' zijn. Ik kan uit jouw context niet opmaken of de betreffende vaarzen voor vlees of melk worden opgefokt. 'Vervangingsvaars' is ook een optie: Uit de "Boerderij" Ierland: fors meer vervangingsvaarzen in het zuiden 1 33 Algemeen In Ierland zijn afgelopen jaar 40.000 meer vervangingsvaarzen geboren dan drie jaar geleden en het ziet ernaar uit dat de toename in het lopende jaar doorzet. Ierse veehouders spelen daarmee in op de door de regering vastgelegde doelstelling van een 50 procent hogere melkproductie tegen 2020. http://www.boerderij.nl/Home/Achtergrond/2010/10/Ierland-for... Jaarlijks opfok 20 melkvaarzen waarvan 5 stuks voor eigen vervanging en 15 stuks voor verkoop op veiling. http://www.fleckviehkoeien.nl/files/nieuwsbrief_juni_2010.pd... Fleckvieh, MRIJ of FH zijn goede alternatieven voor de doorgefokte FH's...... het allergoedkoopst is (een groot deel van) de veestapel dekken met BBL en bij vervangingsbehoefte melkvaarzen aankopen. http://www.boerderij.nl/Rundveehouderij/Blogs/2012/4/Ga-geen... |
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