6 mins confidence:   peer agreement (net): +2 лоббирование снизу
Explanation:
-
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Note added at 9 mins (2003-09-19 10:50:19 GMT)
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На контрапункте лоббированию сверху. Промывают мозги простому народу, а он потом готов любого задушить, потому что уверен, что стоит за правду. Свою правду. Хотя она ему наоборот часто боком вылезает, да и никакая не правда вовсе. См. новейшую историю России или Беларуси.
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Note added at 10 mins (2003-09-19 10:51:27 GMT)
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... россиян, нужна политическая воля или, при ее
отсутствии, мощное лоббирование снизу. ...
www.yat.ru/2002/01/8-10.htm
... во многих случаях осуществляется по инициативе
\"снизу\", непосредственно от самих ...
www.sulakshin.ru/lobby/lobby4.htm
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Note added at 10 mins (2003-09-19 10:51:46 GMT)
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... Собственно, это лоббирование снизу с помощью
организации различных массовых кампаний ...
enbv.narod.ru/text/Econom/korolko/str/10.html
| Yuri Smirnov
Local time: 14:34
Works in field
Native speaker of:  Belarusian, Russian
PRO pts in category: 32
|
| | |
38 mins confidence: массовое/социальное лоббирование; широкое лоббирование рядовых граждан
Explanation:
Фактически - это умелая организация массовых "стихийных" проявлений и акций .
Так, например, разжигается национальная рознь.
Социальное лоббирование через СМИ
http://www.adic.org.ua/nosmoking/books/signals/08.htm
консервaтизм рядовых грaждaн = grass-roots conservatism
http://info.study.ru/?open=3aa4185e.20c4
Правозащитники, представляющие собой самовозникающий, или "grass root", уровень.
http://www.hro.org/editions/hrdef/100/0102.htm
В английском языке существует такой термин - "grass-root democracy" - демократия "корней травы". ...именно местное самоуправление предоставляет широкие возможности для участия граждан в политическом процессе.
http://www.socio.spb.ru/art.php3?rub=131&id=10250
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Note added at 2003-09-19 11:35:14 (GMT)
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Вот интересный текст. Бухгалтерские документы иногда очень красноречивы...
CHAPTER I--INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
PART 56--PUBLIC CHARITY EXCISE TAXES--Table of Contents
Sec. 56.4911-6 Records of lobbying and grass roots expenditures.
(a) Records of lobbying expenditures. An electing public charity
must keep a record of its lobbying expenditures for the taxable year.
Lobbying expenditures of which an organization must keep a record include the following:
(1) Expenditures for grass roots lobbying, as described in paragraph (b) of this section;
(2) Amounts directly paid or incurred for direct lobbying, including payments to another organization earmarked for direct lobbying, fees and expenses paid to individuals or organizations for direct lobbying, and printing, mailing, and other direct costs of reproducing and distributing materials used in direct lobbying;
(3) The portion of amounts paid or incurred as current or deferred compensation for an employee\'s services for direct lobbying;
(4) Amounts paid for out-of-pocket expenditures incurred on behalf of the organization and for direct lobbying, whether or not incurred by an employee;
(5) The allocable portion of administrative, overhead, and other
general expenditures attributable to direct lobbying;
(6) Expenditures for publications or for communications with members to the extent the expenditures are treated as expenditures for direct lobbying under Sec. 56.4911-5; and
(7) Expenditures for direct lobbying of a controlled organization
(within the meaning of Sec. 56.4911-10(c)) to the extent included by a controlling organization (within the meaning of Sec. 56.4911-10(c)) in its lobbying expenditures.
(b) Records of grass roots expenditures. An electing public charity must keep a record of its grass roots expenditures for the taxable year.
Grass roots expenditures of which an organization must keep a record include the following:
(1) Amounts directly paid or incurred for grass roots lobbying,
including payments to other organizations earmarked for grass roots lobbying, fees and expenses paid to individuals or organizations for grass roots lobbying, and the printing, mailing, and other direct costs of reproducing and distributing materials used in grass roots lobbying;
(2) The portion of amounts paid or incurred as current or deferred compensation for an employee\'s services for grass roots lobbying;
(3) Amounts paid for out-of-pocket expenditures incurred on behalf of the organization and for grass roots lobbying, whether or not incurred by an employee;
(4) The allocable portion of administrative, overhead and other
general expenditures attributable to grass roots lobbying;
(5) Expenditures for publication or communications that are treated as expenditures for grass roots lobbying under Sec. 56.4911-5; and
(6) Expenditures for grass roots lobbying of a controlled
organization (within the meaning of Sec. 56.4911-10(c))
Sec. 56.4911-6 Records of lobbying and grass roots expenditures.
(a) Records of lobbying expenditures. An electing public charity
must keep a record of its lobbying expenditures for the taxable year.
Lobbying expenditures of which an organization must keep a record include the following:
(1) Expenditures for grass roots lobbying, as described in paragraph (b) of this section;
(2) Amounts directly paid or incurred for direct lobbying, including payments to another organization earmarked for direct lobbying, fees and expenses paid to individuals or organizations for direct lobbying, and printing, mailing, and other direct costs of reproducing and distributing materials used in direct lobbying;
(3) The portion of amounts paid or incurred as current or deferred compensation for an employee\'s services for direct lobbying;
(4) Amounts paid for out-of-pocket expenditures incurred on behalf of the organization and for direct lobbying, whether or not incurred by an employee;
(5) The allocable portion of administrative, overhead, and other
general expenditures attributable to direct lobbying;
(6) Expenditures for publications or for communications with members to the extent the expenditures are treated as expenditures for direct lobbying under Sec. 56.4911-5; and
(7) Expenditures for direct lobbying of a controlled organization
(within the meaning of Sec. 56.4911-10(c)) to the extent included by a controlling organization (within the meaning of Sec. 56.4911-10(c)) in its lobbying expenditures.
(b) Records of grass roots expenditures. An electing public charity must keep a record of its grass roots expenditures for the taxable year.
Grass roots expenditures of which an organization must keep a record include the following:
(1) Amounts directly paid or incurred for grass roots lobbying,
including payments to other organizations earmarked for grass roots lobbying, fees and expenses paid to individuals or organizations for grass roots lobbying, and the printing, mailing, and other direct costs of reproducing and distributing materials used in grass roots lobbying;
(2) The portion of amounts paid or incurred as current or deferred compensation for an employee\'s services for grass roots lobbying;
(3) Amounts paid for out-of-pocket expenditures incurred on behalf of the organization and for grass roots lobbying, whether or not incurred by an employee;
(4) The allocable portion of administrative, overhead and other
general expenditures attributable to grass roots lobbying;
(5) Expenditures for publication or communications that are treated as expenditures for grass roots lobbying under Sec. 56.4911-5; and
(6) Expenditures for grass roots lobbying of a controlled
organization (within the meaning of Sec. 56.4911-10(c))
Reference: http://info.study.ru/?open=3aa4185e.20c4
Reference: http://www.socio.spb.ru/art.php3?rub=131&id=10250
| Vera Fluhr (X)
Local time: 13:34
Native speaker of: Russian, French
|
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1 hr confidence: peer agreement (net): +1
17 hrs confidence: популизм
Explanation:
можно добавить дешевый.
Но тогда все предложение должны выглядеть по-другому: напр.
При поддержке средств массовой информации используются все методы:
реклама и т.д.
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