défendeur qq.

English translation: qualitate qua/in the capacity of

GLOSSARY ENTRY (DERIVED FROM QUESTION BELOW)

French term or phrase:	défendeur qq.
English translation:	qualitate qua/in the capacity of
Entered by:	George Young

11:40 Mar 15, 2020

French to English translations [PRO]
Law/Patents - Law (general) / Court of cassation documents

French term or phrase: défendeur qq.

From a Belgian court of cassation case, in a section summarising the reason for the appeal to the court of cassation:

"L’arrêt déclare l’appel formé par les demandeurs non fondé et confirme le jugement dont appel en ce qu’il a dit pour droit que les demandeurs avaient commis des fautes graves et caractérisées au sens de l'article 530 du Code des sociétés et en ce qu’il a condamné les demandeurs solidairement à payer au ****défendeur qq.**** la somme provisionnelle de [somme]...."

In this context, I'm not sure what qq. might mean. Normally I would expect it to be quelqu'un but can that be right here? Is this a way of referring to an unnamed defendant? I believe the defendant is actually named in the relevant documents.

All help gratefully received.

George Young KudoZ activity Questions: 43 (2 open) (4 closed without grading) Answers: 18 United Kingdom
Local time: 11:21

qualitate qua / in the capacity of

Explanation:
I managed to find a Belgian document where it is written out as 'qualitate qua' (cf. the first web reference).

According to the Cornell Law School (second ref.), the definition of qua (alone) is: 'Acting in the capacity of. After identifying a person, the word "qua" may be added to signify that the rest of the statement pertains to that person acting in the capacity of whatever title or position comes after "qua."'

I'm not a legal expert, so others may be able to find a better wording.

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Note added at 1 day 37 mins (2020-03-16 12:18:05 GMT)
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Yes, that sounds plausible. See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/qualitate_qua :

'Dutch
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin'
'in the function of, in the capacity of'.

This is the same as the English translation of the French 'ès qualité'. It seems 'qualitate qua' has crept into some French-language versions of judgements in Belgium. I've never noticed any 'ès qualité' in French judgements (from France). The meaning seems to be obvious in most cases and thus redundant, but redundancy is not an unknown phenomenon in law.

Selected response from:

Thomas T. Frost
Portugal
Local time: 11:21

Grading comment

Thanks to both answerers, I've selected this as the most helpful simply because it was the first one.

4 KudoZ points were awarded for this answer

Summary of answers provided

3 +4

qualitate qua / in the capacity of

Thomas T. Frost

Defendant

Adrian MM.

Discussion entries: 3

Answers

2 hrs confidence:

(BE) défendeur qq. > q.q. > ès-qualités Defendant

Explanation:
We need to know what the capacity or capacities of the Defendant are: namely curateur qq. in a guardiuanship or qua liquidator being sued in a co. liquidation case.

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Note added at 2 hrs (2020-03-15 14:21:54 GMT)
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Just spotted Thomas F's other answer (I believe there must be a dual or even triple capacity) before hitting the send key by mistake again and before adding 'Defendant qua/ acting in such capacities - or dual capacity'!

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Note added at 3 hrs (2020-03-15 14:44:44 GMT)
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curateur in a bankruptcy case > yes, thx, as I suspected....

BTW, it's better in BrE vs. AmE (with its Chapter 11 corporate bankruptcies) to refer to an 'insolvent co.', namely one 'in insolvent liquidation' or being 'wound up on the ground(s) of insolvency', even though as a case heard in the 'Companies Court' of the Bankruptcy Div. of the London High Court...

Congrats if Internet research turns up these practical points!

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Note added at 6 hrs (2020-03-15 18:31:31 GMT)
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Latest answer: 'Defendant acting ex officio (qua Company Receiver)'

Example sentence(s):

Dans ses conclusions (R.G. 2016/FA/14 pp. 21 et 22 et n° 2016/FK/7, pp. 18 et 19), le demandeur cassation justifiait son intérêt à former les tierce-oppositions eu égard au fait que Me Pegorer q.q. a pu, en ses qualités successives d'administrateur
Elle permet aussi lorsqu'un jugement est rendu contre une personne ès-qualités, de savoir que seuls les biens de la personne représentée sont susceptibles d'être saisis et vendus.

Reference: http://justice.belgium.be/sites/default/files/downloads/rapp...
Reference: http://www.proz.com/personal-glossaries/entry/25652803-qq-co...

Adrian MM.
Austria
Specializes in field
Native speaker of:

English
PRO pts in category: 359

Notes to answerer

Asker: The défendeur is the curateur in a bankruptcy case. A civil action is being brought against the curateur by the directors of the bankrupt company, challenging the receiver's actions. The appellants' case was struck down in the court of appeal, they have taken it to the court of cassation.

1 hr confidence:

peer agreement (net): +4

qq.

qualitate qua / in the capacity of

Thomas T. Frost
Portugal
Local time: 11:21
Works in field
Native speaker of:

Danish,

English
PRO pts in category: 24

Grading comment

Thanks to both answerers, I've selected this as the most helpful simply because it was the first one.

Notes to answerer

Asker: Thanks for this. I looked into "qualitate qua" on the back of your suggestion and it seems "qualitate qua" is used largely in Dutch language Belgian texts. This then led me to this Proz query from Dutch to Italian which mentions that it is the Dutch equivalent of "ès qualité". Does that sound plausible to you? https://www.proz.com/kudoz/dutch-to-italian/law-general/1789910-qq.html

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