akarati elv, nyilatkozati elv
English translation: theory of the will & theory of declaration / will theory & declaration theory
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| 16:18 Apr 13, 2011 |
| Hungarian to English translations [PRO] Bus/Financial - Law: Contract(s) / hitelnyújtás | |||||||
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|  Selected response from: Katalin Szilárd Hungary Local time: 08:58 | ||||||
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| 5 | theory of the will, theory of declaration |
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| 5 | Principles of Contractual Interpretation |
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Answers
8 mins confidence: 
theory of the will, theory of declaration Explanation: Így mondják. -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 11 mins (2011-04-13 16:30:32 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- Illetve itt írják. :) De úgy is lehet írni, hogy WILL THEORY, DECLARATION THEORY Referencia: http://assets.cambridge.org/052184/4231/excerpt/0521844231_e... To summarise, two distinct strands can be identified: the first relates to a conception of the will theory and the subjective intention of the parties as opposed to the second that emphasises the declaration of the will of the parties and analyses their intention objectively. A tension exists between these two distinct sets of values, as the will theory (Willenstheorie) of subjective intention versus the theory of declaration (Erklärungstheorie) of objective reliance. It is contended that the English view of mistake does not fit either of these theories perhaps because mistake in England has developed in isolation and in somewhat different contexts.37 The fact that a large majority of English (common law) cases on mistake concern commercial contracts no doubt explains these differences since the judges’ immediate concerns about mistake arose in fact-specific situations giving rise to a need for adjudication, where priority had to be given to finding a balance between giving relief and protecting commercial interests.38 In other words, the little theorising about mistake that was done happened during or as a consequence of litigation. http://books.google.com/books?id=iFIT_NsmE7MC&pg=PA585&lpg=P... The law of obligations: Roman foundations of the civilian tradition By Reinhard Zimmermann -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 14 mins (2011-04-13 16:33:12 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- Tehát ez is helyes: theory of the will, theory of declaration meg ez is: will theory, declaration theory -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 1 hr (2011-04-13 17:20:50 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- **Fontos referenciák: http://jog.unideb.hu/documents/tanszekek/jogtorteneti/romai-... Az akarati elv legjelentősebb képviselői e korban Hugo Grotius és Christian Wolff http://ouclf.iuscomp.org/articles/rahmatian.shtml his "reliance theory" is the product of eighteenth-century ius commune jurists in central Europe (as opposed to the "will theory" of Grotius and Pufendorf), and could already be found in the Bavarian Codex Maximilianeus Bavaricus Civilis of 1765 (IV.1.25), and in the writings of the Austrian jurist K A v Martini. See also under B (3), "Austria", below. http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/social... Social contract is a violation of contract theory? According to the will theory of contract, which was dominant in the 19th century and still exerts a strong influence, a contract is not presumed valid unless all parties agree to it voluntarily, either tacitly or explicitly, without coercion. http://books.google.com/books?id=6tCMDqb54OQC&pg=RA3-PA429&l... Jurisprudence By Roscoe Pound . question has been debated also in France.8* Jhering suggested dealing with cases ... The difference between the declaration theory and the will theory ... -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 1 hr (2011-04-13 17:26:43 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- ** Nem principle. Ez a német filozófusokhoz kötődik, és ott Willenstheorie és Erklärungstheorie. így vette át az angol is. http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/147949/ University of Southampton Agreements, mistakes, and contract formation: a comparative theoretical analysis Beever, Allan (2009) Agreements, mistakes, and contract formation: a comparative theoretical analysis. Kings Law Journal, 20, (1), 21-51. This article explores the nature of CONTRACT formation. It does so by examining the will theory and the declaration theory as accounts of agreement. The article concludes that neither theory is adequate either as a description of the operation of the law in practice or, more fundamentally, as an explanation of agreement. Instead, the article recommends an alternative account - 'the objective will theory' - that both adequately explains agreement and captures the operation of the law. |
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6 hrs confidence:
Principles of Contractual Interpretation Explanation: Mindkét fogalom - akarati elv, nyilatkozati elv - a szerződések értelmezésének elvei közé tartozik, ahogy a magyar szöveg is írja, "Egy szerződés vagy az akarati, vagy a nyilatkozati elv szerint (vagy e két elv kombinációja alapján) értelmezhető." A szerződések értelmezése angolul CONTRACTUAL INTERPRETATION, vagy contract interpretation, vagy interpretation of a contract (mondatszerkezettől függően). Az ELVet ebben a szövegösszefüggésben feltétlenül PRINCIPLEnek fordítanám, nem csak a szótárakra, hanem szakirodalomra is támaszkodva szerintem itt ez a választás a legmegfelelőbb. ?Értelmezési elvek: interpretive principles. Az AKARAT, azaz szándék, ez esetben szerintem INTENT. A szerződő felek szerződéses akaratáról/szándékáról van itt szó. Ezt vizsgálhatja a bíróság a szerződés értelmezésekor (contract interpretation). Néhány hivatkozás: "General Rules of Contract Interpretation Meaning of Contract Ascertained From 4 Corners of Instrument Where contract language is clear and explicit and does not lead to an absurd result, a court will ascertain contractual intent from the written provisions of the contract itself and go no further. (Cal.Civ. Code §§ 1638, 1639.)" http://www.west.net/~smith/interpret.htm "Contract Interpretation There are rules for interpreting written contracts in the event of a dispute among the parties to the contract. The courts seek to the intent of the parties at the time they entered into the contract. Rules for interpreting contract language have as their goal determination of the parties' intent." http://contracts.lawyers.com/contracts/Contract-Interpretati... "Contract Interpretation Contract interpretation remains the largest single source of contract litigation between business firms. In part this is because contract interpretation issues are difficult, but it also reflects a deep divide between textualist and contextualist theories of interpretation. While a strong majority of U.S. courts continue to follow the traditional, “formalist” approach to contract interpretation, some courts and most commentators prefer the “contextualist” interpretive principles that are reflected in the Uniform Commercial Code and the Second Restatement." http://www.yalelawjournal.org/the-yale-law-journal/content-p... -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 7 hrs (2011-04-13 23:28:37 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- "Principles of Contract Interpretation Contract interpretation begins with the plain language of the contract. (...) In construing the terms of a contract, the parties' intent must be gathered from the instrument as a whole (...) The intention of the parties to a contract controls its interpretation." http://www.justice.gov/usao/eousa/foia_reading_room/usam/tit... - - - - A "Nyilatkozati Elvet" talán külön kérdésként kéne feltenni, azért egy-két szóban beírom az ötletemet... :) Általánosságban lehet pl. express / expressly / expression, pl.: "...obligations expressly in written; obligations that were not the express basis of the bargain at the time this Agreement was made; courts have divided on the question whether express contract terms should be given a “contextual” or a “plain meaning” interpretation. (ismét a fenti Yale Law Journal a forrás) Az adott mondatban a kérdéses rész, "a PTK. .... a nyilatkozati elv talaján áll" szerintem magyarul annyit jelent, hogy a polgári jogi szerződések értelmezése során a magyar joggyakorlat a felek által kifejezett, (írott v. szóbeli) nyilatkozatban közölt feltételekre fektet nagyobb hangsúlyt, semmint a felek szerződéses akaratára. |
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