12:19 Nov 15, 2005
Japanese to English translations [PRO]
Social Sciences - History
Japanese term or phrase:
両者を代表するのが「集議」と「対」(皇帝に直接会って意見を申し上げる制度)であり、唐代以前においては「集議」の制度の発達が見られ、宋代においてはこの「対」の制度が広範囲に活用されている。
Yoshio Omata (X)
Japan
Local time: 03:48


Summary of answers provided
3(Direct) Audience Advisory System
humbird
2opposite
V N Ganesh


  

Answers


1 hr   confidence: Answerer confidence 2/5Answerer confidence 2/5
‘Î
opposite


Explanation:
集議-system of administration followed before tang dynasty and a
system opposite to this was followed during song dynasty.


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Note added at 4 hrs 22 mins (2005-11-15 16:42:14 GMT)
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Jin Dynasty キ Northern and Southern Dynasties キ Sui Dynasty キ Tang Dynasty ...
The system of administration mainly consisted of the tribal system, ...
www.toureasy.net/html/ aboutchina/ChineseHistory/Liao.htm - 36k

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Note added at 19 hrs 58 mins (2005-11-16 08:17:40 GMT)
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may be it is de-centralised administration-refer web site
But basic lines of the governmental system - dating from the Han Dynasty - were ... Territorial administration of Song was somewhat different from Tang ...
www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Song/song-admin.html - 10k


V N Ganesh
Local time: 00:18
Native speaker of: English
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2 days 1 hr   confidence: Answerer confidence 3/5Answerer confidence 3/5
(Direct) Audience Advisory System


Explanation:
Audience とはこの場合、えらいひとに直接会うことで、皇帝や国王にすれば「謁見」するということになります。

http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/audience

この場合、皇帝に直接言上するということですから、これでよいのではありませんか?Directはなくてもよいような気がしますので、( )の中に入れました。

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Note added at 2 days 1 hr 16 mins (2005-11-17 13:35:28 GMT)
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直訳すれば Paring System になるでしょうし、文脈の中では(説明が)よければ、これでも通じると思いますが。

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Note added at 2 days 2 hrs 57 mins (2005-11-17 15:17:07 GMT)
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Typo -- Pairing not paring

humbird
Native speaker of: Native in JapaneseJapanese, Native in EnglishEnglish
PRO pts in category: 22
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