証乃至
English translation: Exhibits through
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| 02:48 Sep 9, 2011 |
| Japanese to English translations [PRO] Law (general) | |||||||
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|  Selected response from: T.B. United States Local time: 17:52 | ||||||
Grading comment
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| 4 +1 | Exhibits through |
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| 3 +1 | (Certificate No.20) or (certificate No. 25) |
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| exhibit or evidence? |
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Answers
47 mins confidence: 
peer agreement (net): +1
peer agreement (net): +1(Certificate No.20) or (certificate No. 25) Explanation: I think it must be 第20号証 乃至 甲第25号証. And 乃至 is ないし - "or" or "from... to" (depending on your context). http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/乃至 |
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53 mins confidence: peer agreement (net): +1
peer agreement (net): +1Exhibits through Explanation: 証 means "exhibit" and 乃至 corresponds to "through." 甲第20号証乃至甲第25号証 would be "Kou Exhibits No. 20 through No. 25 (alternatively, Kou Exhibit No. 20 to No. 25 inclusive)." -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 15 hrs (2011-09-09 18:10:32 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- See the following example. www.robbevans.com/pdf/debtworksapplicatexh2.pdf 甲, which is likely to be a plaintiff in the context, is sometimes translated as A (in that case 乙, a defendant, as B). That is fine. However, in Japan when people use roman alphabet in a discussion on court proceedings, they would use letters X for the plaintiff and Y for the defendant. Letters X, Y, Z are often seen in a law review, journal, etc. to refer to parties to a case. |
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Reference comments
22 hrs |
| Reference: exhibit or evidence? Reference information: I've confirmed the definitions of both words in Black's Law Dictionary: Exhibit is defined as "1. A doument, record, or other tangible object formally introduced as evidence in court", and evidence is defined as "3. The collective mass of things, esp. testimony and exhibits, presented before a tribunal in a given dispute" etc. Based on the above, taking back my previous comment, I think exhibit is appropriate for this case since 証 refers to a particular thing. Sorry for any confusion. -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 23時間 (2011-09-10 02:24:07 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- One related question: Does 甲証 or 乙証 refer to only tangible evidence, or include testimonial evidence? -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 7日 (2011-09-16 05:39:18 GMT) Post-grading -------------------------------------------------- Just for reference, it seems that 甲証 or 乙証 refers to only tangible evidence and that there is no such numbering system for testimonial evidence. |
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