17:13 Nov 13, 2020 |
Polish to English translations [PRO] Law/Patents - Law: Contract(s) | |||||||
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| Selected response from: mike23 Poland Local time: 13:54 | ||||||
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Discussion entries: 2 | |
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encumbered with the onus of proof Explanation: burdened/encumbered (Słownik Jaślanów 89) Example sentence(s):
https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/burden+of+proof |
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has the burden of proof; will be required to conclusively demonstrate [etc.] Explanation: This is contract language, not legal procedure language. Thus "charged" is unidiomatic in English. Full second alternative Answer presented above: will be required to conclusively demonstrate that the deficiency is due to circumstances beyond its (the Supplier's) control. -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 4 hrs (2020-11-13 21:40:08 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- I prefer "conclusively demonstrate" rather than just "demonstrate" because this is contract language, which tends to slight excess when stating mandatory provisions. -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 4 hrs (2020-11-13 21:44:23 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- Correction: has the burden of proof --> shall have the burden of proof. (Future tense, conditional.) |
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charged with the burden of proof Explanation: Burden of Proof - A duty placed upon a civil or criminal defendant to prove or disprove a disputed fact. Burden of proof can define the duty placed upon a party to prove or disprove a disputed fact, or it can define which party bears this burden. In criminal cases, the burden of proof is placed on the prosecution, who must demonstrate that the defendant is guilty before a jury may convict him or her. But in some jurisdiction, the defendant has the burden of establishing the existence of certain facts that give rise to a defense, such as the insanity plea. In civil cases, the plaintiff is normally charged with the burden of proof, but the defendant can be required to establish certain defenses. https://www.thefreedictionary.com/charge https://www.google.pl/search?sxsrf=ALeKk03rqPjh08FzZ4L28QYVs... -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 51 mins (2020-11-13 18:05:36 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/burden of pro... -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 1 hr (2020-11-13 18:53:16 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- Lub w stronie czynnej w tym kontekście: have/bear/carry the burden of proof https://www.google.pl/search?sxsrf=ALeKk00aYUxBxuNGCAoL-OStg... -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 18 hrs (2020-11-14 11:30:17 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- US District Court for the District of Delaware If the defensive party, either by a preponderance of evidence or evidence sufficient to establish equilibrium, has met and answered the prima facie case, then the burden of going forward with the evidence returns to the original proponent charged with the burden of proof who must in turn, by a preponderance or greater weight of evidence, overcome the equilibrium thus established, or otherwise support his burden of proof by a preponderance of the evidence. https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/8... the Vermont Judiciary Burden of proof A party's duty to prove or disprove a disputed fact. In criminal cases the burden of proof is placed on the prosecution, which must demonstrate that defendants are guilty before juries may convict them. In civil cases the plaintiff is normally charged with the burden of proof. https://www.vermontjudiciary.org/glossary HammondTownsend, PLC Remember that for the party charged with the burden of proof, it is not good for the scales to be perfectly balanced (the evidence is in “equipoise.” https://hammondtownsend.com/weighing-the-evidence/ Supreme Court of Wyoming. IN RE: The Worker's Compensation Claim Of: Donald David MURRAY, Appellant (Petitioner/Employee-Claimant), v. STATE of Wyoming, ex rel., WYOMING WORKERS' SAFETY AND COMPENSATION DIVISION, Appellee (Respondent/Objector-Defendant). No. 99-76. Decided: December 29, 1999 ... When an agency decides that the party charged with the burden of proof has failed to meet that burden, the case is reviewed under the “[a]rbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion or otherwise not in accordance with law” language of WYO. STAT. § 16-3-114(c)(ii) (1990). https://caselaw.findlaw.com/wy-supreme-court/1489025.html It is the general rule in both administrative and immigration law that the party charged with the burden of proof must establish the truth of his allegations by a preponderance of the evidence. https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/eoir/legacy/2012... STATE v. Charles LAMBERT and Thomas Dooley. No. 81-606-C.A. Supreme Court of Rhode Island. ... Although the present case deals with the degree of proof instead of the party charged with the burden of proof, a similar criterion may be applied. https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/2372453/state-v-lamber... -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 1 day 20 hrs (2020-11-15 13:14:12 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- Options: (be) encumbered with the burden of proof the burden of proof lies/shall lie with (a party) [as mentioned before] have/bear/carry the burden of proof/proving one's claims -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 1 day 20 hrs (2020-11-15 13:33:32 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- Note: The examples given above are relevant because the Polish original makes them relevant in the context of a contract. "Obciążony ciężarem dowodu / ciężar dowodu are terms taken from the Polish Civil Code and included in the context of a commercial relation. -- Kiedy kupujący musi udowodnić odpowiedzialność sprzedawcy Sprzedawcy często starają się uniknąć odpowiedzialności poprzez stwierdzenie, że wada powstała z winy konsumenta. W postępowaniu sądowym będą musieli jednak swoje twierdzenia udowodnić<b/>. .. Domniemanie to może być obalone, jednak to na sprzedawcy spoczywa ciężar udowodnienia tego, że wada powstała z winy klienta. Konsument nie musi przedstawiać żadnych dowodów, by sąd przyznał mu rację. ... W przypadku, gdy niezgodność towaru zostanie stwierdzona po upływie 6 miesięcy, wtedy też na kupującym będzie spoczywał ciężar dowodu, że stan ten nie powstał w wyniku niewłaściwego używania rzeczy. ... https://kadry.infor.pl/poprzednie_tematy_dnia/408956,Ciezar-... |
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