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English translation: endotracheal tubes
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| 19:56 May 15, 2014 |
| Portuguese to English translations [PRO] Medical - Medical: Instruments / Anestesia | |||||||
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|  Selected response from: liz askew United Kingdom Local time: 16:57 | ||||||
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| 3 | endotracheal tubes |
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Answers
1 hr confidence: 
endotracheal tubes Explanation: https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=endotracheal tube photos&e... -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 1 hr (2014-05-15 21:48:00 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- sorry Amendement: TRACHEAL TUBES http://www.trauma.org/archive/anaesthesia/airway.html Airway Management Initially the airway should be cleared of debris, blood and secretions. It should be opened using the 'chin lift' or 'jaw thrust' manoeuvres. The 'sniffing the morning air' position for standard tracheal intubation flexes the lower cervical spine and extends the occiput on the atlas. However, studies (2) have shown that 'jaw thrust' and 'chin lift' both cause distraction of at least 5mm in a cadaver with C5/6 instability. This movement was unaffected by use of a rigid collar. Manual stabilization did however reduce movement. An oral (Guedel) or nasopharyngeal airway may be necessary to maintain patency until a definitive airway is secured. Insertion of an airway produces minimal disturbance to the cervical spine. Bag and mask ventilation also produces a significant degree of movement at zones of instability. Tracheal Tube The safest method of securing a tracheal tube remains debatable. In general, the technique used should be the one the operator is most familiar with. The method is generally unimportant as long as the (potential) cervical spine injury is recognised and reasonable care taken (4). The ATLS recommends a nasotracheal tube in the spontaneously breathing patient, and orotracheal intubation in the apnoeic patient. MANUAL in-line axial stabilization must be maintained throughout. The hard collar may interfere with intubation efforts and the front part may be removed to facilitate intubation as long as manual stabilisation is in effect. Blind nasal intubation is successful in 90% of patients but requires multiple attempts in up to 90% of these. Nasotracheal intubation is (relatively) contraindicated in patients with potential base of skull fracture or unstable mid-face injuries. In addition, it may produce haemorrhage in the airway, making other airway manipulations difficult or impossible. Nasotracheal intubation in non-trauma patients is often accomplished by rotating or flexing the neck to align the tube correctly. This is not possible in the trauma patient and the procedure becomes more difficult. In the spontaneously breathing patient however, one can hear movement of air at the end of the tracheal tube and thus line the tube up with the trachea. Orotracheal intubation is generally accepted as the more usual method for securing the airway in the trauma patient. It is the fastest and surest method of intubating the trachea. At Shock Trauma in Baltimore, Maryland (5) more than 3000 patients were intubated orally with a modified rapid sequence induction technique with pre-oxygenation and cricoid pressure. Ten percent of these patients were found to have cervical spine injury and none deteriorated neurologically following intubation. -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 1 hr (2014-05-15 21:49:32 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=tracheal tube&es_sm=93&tbm... the above site seems to match the Brazilian site cited in the reference below |
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Reference comments
1 hr |
| Reference: see Reference information: http://www.viaaereadificil.com.br/aulas/aulas_pdf/trauma.cer... see picture on page 30 this is not a probe but a tube |
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