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Russian to English translations [PRO] Law/Patents - Law (general) / Jurisprudence
Russian term or phrase:формально-юридический метод
Метод исследования в юридических науках. Противопоставляется сравнительно-правовому. Цитата: "Методологическую основу исследования составили общие научные методы... а также частные научные методы, характерные для юридических наук: формально-юридический и сравнительно-правовой".
Explanation: «Формально-юридический метод состоит в изучении юридических понятий в «чистом виде» , их определении и выявлении признаков. Иногда его называют догматическим методом, поскольку исследование ведется преимущественно на уровне абстрактных юридических понятий и категорий без учета внешних факторов — политических, социально-экономических, культурных.» Источник: Селютин Е.Н. «История и методология юридической науки». (https://studme.org/145970/pravo/formalno_yuridicheskiy_metod... Согласно этому же учебнику данный метод окончательно сложился в учении о «чистом праве» (pure theory of law) Ганса Кельзена (Hans Kelsen) . В книге Dawn Watkins and Mandy Burton Research Methods in Law метод, принятый в учении Г. Кельзена о «чистом праве», назван normative tradition (of legal research) и описывается как doctrinal or 'black letter' default position по сравнению с другими методами.
Эта концепция юридического позитивизма (которой придерживался Г. Кельзен) и, соответственно, формально-юридический метод, получили широкое распространение в странах континентальной правовой семьи (государства-члены ЕС, Швейцария, страны СНГ, Япония и др.) и противопоставляются прагматическому подходу стран общего права (Великобритания, США, Канада). Источник: Сюрмеев К.Е. Параллельные разбирательства в практике разрешения трансграничных споров: сравнительно-правовой анализ законодательства иностранных государств (https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/parallelnye-razbiratelstva... "Ever since the legal realist movement, scholars mostly view the law from an external perspective. It may be surprising to many in the United States that European legal scholarship has been largely resistant to this development. Law is typically viewed "from the inside," that is as an autonomous discipline independent from the other social sciences. Most legal scholarship is doctrinal, meaning that legal scholars employ interpretative methods in order to systematically expose the law and to find out what the law is, frequently even before it is tackled by a court. U.S.-style legal scholarship is often considered very alien, and law and economics in particular often meets outright rejection." Источник: Kristoffel Grechenig, Martin Gelter The Transatlantic Divergence in Legal Thought: American Law and Economics vs. German Doctrinalism. В статье выше «континентальный подход» (формально-юридический метод) выражен термином doctrinal approach (to law).
На сайте UWE ASC LLM Support дается следующее определение doctrinal method of legal research: "Doctrinal (or “black letter”) methodology refers to a way of conducting research which is usually thought of as “typical legal research”. A doctrinal approach to research will focus on case-law, statutes and other legal sources. It differs from other methodologies in that it looks at the law within itself; a pure doctrinal approach makes no attempt to look at the effect of the law or how it is applied, but instead examines law as a written body of principles which can be discerned and analysed using only legal sources." Источник: https://uweascllmsupport.wordpress.com/2017/01/18/research-m...
The Russian legal system is based on the continental tradition, so it's only natural that this contemplation of one's legal belly button came from there as well. This proves it beyond any reasonable doubt that "dogmatic" and "formalist" are just not the right words for the purpose. Normative and doctrinal are both good, it seems.
Very interesting commentary and links, thank you, Mr. Efremov. Great scholarship on your part. I take my hat off.
"Doctrinal (or “black letter”) methodology refers to a way of conducting research which is usually thought of as “typical legal research”. A doctrinal approach to research will focus on case-law, statutes and other legal sources. It differs from other methodologies in that it looks at the law within itself; a pure doctrinal approach makes no attempt to look at the effect of the law or how it is applied, but instead examines law as a written body of principles which can be discerned and analysed using only legal sources." Источник:https://uweascllmsupport.wordpress.com/2017/01/18/research-m...
"Ever since the legal realist movement, scholars mostly view the law from an external perspective. It may be surprising to many in the United States that European legal scholarship has been largely resistant to this development. Law is typically viewed "from the inside," that is as an autonomous discipline independent from the other social sciences. Most legal scholarship is doctrinal, meaning that legal scholars employ interpretative methods in order to systematically expose the law and to find out what the law is, frequently even before it is tackled by a court. U.S.-style legal scholarship is often considered very alien, and law and economics in particular often meets outright rejection." Источник: Kristoffel Grechenig, Martin Gelter The Transatlantic Divergence in Legal Thought: American Law and Economics vs. German Doctrinalism. В статье выше "континентальный подход" (формально-юридический метод) выражен термином doctrinal approach (to law).
Эта концепция юридического позитивизма, которой придерживался Г. Кельзен, и, соответственно, формально-юридический метод, получили широкое распространение в странах континентальной правовой семьи (государства-члены ЕС, Швейцария, страны СНГ, Япония и др.) и противопоставляются прагматическому подходу стран общего права (Великобритания, США, Канада). (https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/transgranichnye-kommerches...
"Формально-юридический метод состоит в изучении юридических понятий в «чистом виде», их определении и выявлении признаков. Иногда его называют догматическим методом, поскольку исследование ведется преимущественно на уровне абстрактных юридических понятий и категорий без учета внешних факторов — политических, социально-экономических, культурных." (Селютин Е.Н. "История и методология юридической науки"). См. https://studme.org/145970/pravo/formalno_yuridicheskiy_metod Согласно этому же учебнику данный метод окончательно сложился в учении о "чистом праве" (pure theory of law) Ганса Кельзена (Hans Kelsen). В книге Dawn Watkins and Mandy Burton Research Methods in Law метод, принятый в учении Г. Кельзена о "чистом праве", назван normative tradition (of legal research) и описывается как doctrinal or 'black letter' default position по сравнению с другими методами.
I can find "legal dogmatic method" on the Internet with apparently the right meaning but the authors of these texts are Russians, Scandinavians, etc. It looks like they all talk about the same thing but do not know its name in English. Maybe it does not exist as Misha said but I think there must be English-speaking scholars doing theoretical research in jurisprudence using more or less the same methods.
Based on the description of those three "methods" in the Russian text in your link, if I were translating this text, I would render those "method" names as follows: формально-юридический метод - descriptive method (because that's what it seems to involve, descriptions of the provisions of the law); сравнительно-правовой метод - comparative law (method); метод толкования - legal commentary (that's what I referred to earlier speaking of commentary, which is essentially an opinion on what this or that provision in the law means ("разжевывание для тупых":))))
is that your text is a purely Russian creation.The US tradition (and probably the one in the UK too, but I wouldn't know for sure) looks at the law and its interpretation from a totally different standpoint and for totally different reasons. The very concept of "legal research" has nothing to do with what your textbook describes and usually refers to case law search, i.e. looking for legal precedents in support of one's arguments and position to be argued in court. This illustrates the danger of using existing similar terms in English just because they are "out there" - as the case is with that "formalist approach" which refers in that book to MAKING decisions based on the letter of the law (rather than case law). Ditto for doctrine, which refers to the entire legal framework of the national law, including, sources, commentary, etc. Doctrinal research is thus studying the law itself and interpretation of the law itself) by legal scholars (as opposed to case law, which is decisions on record). It has nothing to do with any "methods" or "approaches". The method is the same throughout - reading and trying to understand what you read.
To answer your question, none of this would make any sense whatsoever to an English-speaking lawyer or legal scholar without additional explanations. Indeed, there is such a thing as comparative law, which would cover your "other" method. Based on my reading of the horribly translated link provided by Mr. Silkin below, this "dogmatic method" is what a western lawyer would call commentary. Furthermore, the difference between comparative law and legal commentary is apparent enough for most, including most lay people, so as not to require any additional "research" such as this. Also, "dogma" and "dogmatic" have a very distinct negative connotation in English (the things that come to mind are Spanish Inquisition and Marxism-Leninism), so that's the last thing you want to use to describe this so-called "method".
Jurisprudence or legal theory is the theoretical study of law. Scholars of jurisprudence seek to explain the nature of law in its most general form and provide a deeper understanding of legal reasoning, legal systems, legal institutions, and the role of law in society. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurisprudence#cite_note-1
Frank Szmulowicz, Ph. D. United States Local time: 10:45 Works in field Native speaker of: English, Polish PRO pts in category: 328
Explanation: «Формально-юридический метод состоит в изучении юридических понятий в «чистом виде» , их определении и выявлении признаков. Иногда его называют догматическим методом, поскольку исследование ведется преимущественно на уровне абстрактных юридических понятий и категорий без учета внешних факторов — политических, социально-экономических, культурных.» Источник: Селютин Е.Н. «История и методология юридической науки». (https://studme.org/145970/pravo/formalno_yuridicheskiy_metod... Согласно этому же учебнику данный метод окончательно сложился в учении о «чистом праве» (pure theory of law) Ганса Кельзена (Hans Kelsen) . В книге Dawn Watkins and Mandy Burton Research Methods in Law метод, принятый в учении Г. Кельзена о «чистом праве», назван normative tradition (of legal research) и описывается как doctrinal or 'black letter' default position по сравнению с другими методами.
Эта концепция юридического позитивизма (которой придерживался Г. Кельзен) и, соответственно, формально-юридический метод, получили широкое распространение в странах континентальной правовой семьи (государства-члены ЕС, Швейцария, страны СНГ, Япония и др.) и противопоставляются прагматическому подходу стран общего права (Великобритания, США, Канада). Источник: Сюрмеев К.Е. Параллельные разбирательства в практике разрешения трансграничных споров: сравнительно-правовой анализ законодательства иностранных государств (https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/parallelnye-razbiratelstva... "Ever since the legal realist movement, scholars mostly view the law from an external perspective. It may be surprising to many in the United States that European legal scholarship has been largely resistant to this development. Law is typically viewed "from the inside," that is as an autonomous discipline independent from the other social sciences. Most legal scholarship is doctrinal, meaning that legal scholars employ interpretative methods in order to systematically expose the law and to find out what the law is, frequently even before it is tackled by a court. U.S.-style legal scholarship is often considered very alien, and law and economics in particular often meets outright rejection." Источник: Kristoffel Grechenig, Martin Gelter The Transatlantic Divergence in Legal Thought: American Law and Economics vs. German Doctrinalism. В статье выше «континентальный подход» (формально-юридический метод) выражен термином doctrinal approach (to law).
На сайте UWE ASC LLM Support дается следующее определение doctrinal method of legal research: "Doctrinal (or “black letter”) methodology refers to a way of conducting research which is usually thought of as “typical legal research”. A doctrinal approach to research will focus on case-law, statutes and other legal sources. It differs from other methodologies in that it looks at the law within itself; a pure doctrinal approach makes no attempt to look at the effect of the law or how it is applied, but instead examines law as a written body of principles which can be discerned and analysed using only legal sources." Источник: https://uweascllmsupport.wordpress.com/2017/01/18/research-m...
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