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I see that the general consensus leans toward "sensor", so I rest my case. Sorry for having played the devil's advocate... I was swayed most by input from RNS, as is often the case.
But FWIW, Alex, they do use "transducer" when they are talking about medical sonogram equipment, so it's not unheard of in regards to medical equipment.
Hi Alex and everyone, I just wanted to clarify that I am not at all suggesting that "transducer" is appropriate for this context - in fact, I specifically think it is NOT appropriate for this context (which is why I didn't propose it as an answer). It's just that Judith seemed to be trying to get a general sense of the word, so I thought that might help.
As shown in [1], the probe is the whole instrument, of which the sensor is a measuring component.
In the immediate context, "(измерительная призма)", "датчик" is the sensor.
[1] The probe is placed adjacent to the central cornea (see gallery) and the integrated piezoresistive pressure sensor automatically begins to acquire data, measuring IOP 100 times per second. — http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonometry
With all due respect, I suggest you think twice before you use a sensor or transducer. They just don't feel right. I have seen transducers used in aircraft and complex machinery only. Meanwhile, sensors are generally fixed in place and respond to different impacts... I have a pretty strong feeling you are dealing with a probe. The kind that touches the cornea during the test you are describing. The more I read on the subject, the more I feel it is in fact a probe. You could also consult the customer... Anyhow, it's getting late. Signing off.
Датчик means transducer (see Jennifer's entry) (I.e., sensor (сенсор, чувствительный элемент)-transducer (датчик)-main system); however, this word is often (incorrectly) applied to sensors. Your context supports "sensor" option.
I don't think you will find a single English word that is the equivalent of датчик. If you read through all the possibilities on Multitran, you can get a sense of it, but which English word to use is highly context-dependent. Probably the most generic would be "sensor".
Transducer and tonometer are the terms I think would best fit (in a forward translation). This, however, is a back translation, so I am specifically looking for the meaning of датчик.
Just FYI - I most often encounter this term in the context of sonograms, in which case it's a transducer. I think of a датчик as the sensor thing that picks up information and then sends it to the main apparatus.