Translation glossary: Cartographic Terms

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graticuleNetwork of parallels and meridians on a map or chart. 
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graticule, geographicSystem of coordinates of latitude and longitude used to define the position of a point on the surface of the Earth with respect to the reference spher 
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gridNetwork of uniformly spaced parallel lines intersecting at right angles. When superimposed on a map, it usually carries the name of the projection use 
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hachureAny series of lines used on a map to indicate the general direction and steepness of slopes. The lines are short, heavy, and close together for steep 
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halftoneA picture in which the gradations of light are obtained by the relative darkness and density of tiny dots produced by photographing the subject throug 
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high waterMaximum height reached by a rising tide. The height may be due solely to the periodic tidal forces or it may have superimposed upon it the effects of 
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high water lineIntersection of the land with the water surface at an elevation of high water. 
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high water markLine or mark left upon tidal flats, beach, or along shore objects indicating the elevation or the intrusion of high water. 
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hydrographic surveySurvey of water area, with particular reference to submarine relief, and any adjacent land. See: oceanographic survey 
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hydrographyScience that deals with the measurement and description of the physical features of the oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, and their adjoining coastal areas 
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hydrologyScientific study of the waters of the Earth, especially with relation to the effects of precipitation and evaporation upon the occurrence and characte 
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hypsographic mapSee: map, hypsographic 
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hypsographyTopography referred to the national geodetic vertical datum of 1929. The science or art of describing heights of land surfaces with reference to this 
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hypsometric mapSee: map, hypsometric 
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hypsometryScience or art of determining terrain relief, by any method. 
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imageryVisible representation of objects and (or) phenomena as sensed or detected by cameras, infrared and multispectral scanners, radar, and photometers. Re 
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infrared scanner (thermal mapper)Instrument that detects infrared radiation and converts the detected energy to an electrical signal for recording on photographic film or magnetic tap 
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isogonic chartChart showing isogonic lines properly labeled with their magnetic declination. 
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isogonic lineLine joining points on the Earth\'s surface having equal magnetic declination as of a given date. 
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isopleth mapSee: map, isopleth 
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Kelsh plotterDouble-projection plotting instrument utilizing swinging lamps to transmit light through contact- size diapositives (positive transparencies). 
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land use classification systemCoding system of categories and subcategories designed for use on a map to designate land or water use. 
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land use mapSee: map, land use 
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landmarkMonument of material mark or fixed object used to designate a land boundary on the ground: any prominent object on land that may be used to determine 
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latitudeAngular distance, in degrees, minutes, and seconds of a point north or south of the Equator. 
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lead lineLine weighted with lead for making depth soundings in water. 
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leveeArtificial bank confining a stream channel or limiting adjacent areas subject to flooding; an embankment bordering a submarine canyon or channel, usua 
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level surfaceSurface which at every point is perpendicular to the plumbline or the direction in which gravity acts. 
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levelingSurveying operation in which heights of objects and points are determined relative to a specified datum. 
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line copy (line drawing)Map copy suitable for reproduction without the use of a screen; a drawing composed of lines as distinguished from continuous- tone copy. 
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line mapSee: map, line 
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longitudeAngular distance, in degrees, minutes, and seconds, of a point east or west of the Greenwich meridian. 
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low water lineIntersection of the land with the water surface at an elevation of low water. Not to be confused with mean low water line. 
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low water:Minimum height reached by a falling tide. The height may be due solely to the periodic tidal forces or it may have superimposed upon it the effects of 
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magnetic declinationSee: declination 
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mapGraphic representation of the physical features (natural, artificial, or both) of a part or the whole of the Earth\'s surface, by means of signs and s 
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map digitizationConversion of map data from graphic to digital form. 
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map projectionOrderly system of lines on a plane representing a corresponding system of imaginary lines on an adopted terrestrial or celestial datum surface. Also, 
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map seriesFamily of maps conforming generally to the same specifications and designed to cover an area or a country in systematic pattern. 
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map, baseMap on which information may be placed for purposes of comparison or geographical correlation. The term \"base map\" was at one time applied to a clas 
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map, bathymetricMaps delineating the form of the bottom of a body of water, or a portion thereof, by the use of depth contours (isobaths). 
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map, choroplethThematic map in which areas are colored, shaded, dotted, or hatched to create darker or lighter areas in proportion to the density of distribution of 
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map, engineeringMap showing information that is essential for planning an engineering project or development and for estimating its cost. It usually is a large-scale 
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map, flood controlMap designed for studying and planning control projects in areas subject to flooding. 
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map, forestryMap prepared principally to show the size, density, kind, and value of trees in a designated area. 
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map, geologicMap showing the structure and composition of geologic features. 
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map, hypsometricMap showing relief by any convention, such as contours, hachures, shading, or tinting. 
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map, isoplethMap consisting of lines connecting places of equal value of distribution for a given theme such as rainfall or temperature. 
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map, land useMap showing by means of a coding system the various purposes for which parcels of land are being used by man. 
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map, lineMap composed of lines as distinguished from photographic imagery. 
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