Translation glossary: AN AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY ANNOTATED DICTIONARY

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TSCAThe Toxic Substances Control Act 
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Tumor DNASee T-DNA. 
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Tumor virusA virus capable of transforming a cell to a malignant phenotype 
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Tumor-inducing plasmidSee Ti plasmid. 
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U.SDepartment of Agriculture 
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UpstreamThe region extending in a 5\' direction from a gene. 
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USDASee The U.S 
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VaccineA preparation of dead or weakened pathogen, or of derived antigenic determinants, that is used to induce formation of antibodies or immunity against t 
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VacciniaThe cowpox virus used to vaccinate against smallpox and, experimentally, as a carrier of genes for antigenic determinants cloned from other disease or 
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Variable surface glycoprotein (VSG)One of a battery of antigenic determinants expressed by a microorganism to elude immune detection. 
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VariationDifferences in the frequency of genes and traits among individual organisms within a population. 
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VectorAn autonomously replicating DNA molecule into which foreign DNA fragments are inserted and then propagated in a host cell 
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Viral oncogeneA viral gene that contributes to malig- nancies in vertebrate hosts 
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ViroidA plant pathogen that consists of a naked RNA molecule of approximately 250-350 nucleotides, whose extensive base pairing results in a nearly correct 
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VirulenceThe degree of ability of an organism to cause disease. 
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VirusAn infectious particle composed of a protein capsule and a nucleic acid core, which is dependent on a host organism for replication 
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VSGSee Variable surface glycoprotein. 
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WeedAn undesirable plant. 
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WeedinessUnwanted effects of a plant. 
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Wild typeAn organism as found in nature; the organism before it is genetically engineered. 
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X-linked diseaseA genetic disease caused by a mutation on the X chromosome 
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X-ray crystallographyThe diffraction pattern of X-rays passing through a pure crystal of a substance. 
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Z-DNAA region of DNA that is \"flipped\" into a lefthanded helix, characterized by alternating purines and pyrimidines, and which may be the target of a DN 
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