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Chinese to English: 水墨技法在3D電腦動畫的表現形式-- 以中國文化大學舞蹈系展演動畫為例The performance of Chinese ink drawing delineation for 3D Animation-- Please see the animation for exhibition which was from Dance Department in Chinese Culture General field: Art/Literary Detailed field: Art, Arts & Crafts, Painting
Source text - Chinese 一、水墨技法電腦動畫演進與現況
3D電腦動畫在影像設計與藝術表現的發展，已經轉變到主流性並且具有無限可能的開發空間，不過在動畫歷史的演進中，2D手繪動畫的表現形式仍是不可取代的，而藉由3D數位技術的開發運用，以往傳統式的圖像表現技法與2D手繪動畫都可以藉由軟體的模擬來取代與實現。在中國繪畫中，水墨畫一直是主流表現技法，利用毛筆吸潤的彩料多寡，形成繪製物的體與形，並且擁有紙張與畫料間所成形的透明感與柔和調。
自1980年代起，電腦動畫技術演進一直不斷的改變了視覺藝術的表現形式，運算法與創作軟體的革新，給了藝術創作者更多在數位媒體上實踐傳統繪圖技法新思維，在二十一世紀的現在，數位創作可以將人類所構思的創意無限實現，但也失去了屬於傳統藝術創作中的風格性與美感。”動畫中最可貴的地方是實驗，並不是科技，科技只是工具，科技也是人類實驗的結果，若是單純陷入科技的追求，那將會是無底洞”(井迎瑞 2007：20)。廣泛與多樣式的技術運用，造就了科技與藝術的多方結合，影像實驗的態度與視覺性的發展還是引導著電腦動畫科技，如果太流於技術性的開發，而忘記了表現出藝術性，電腦動畫也就只是存在於科技表現上，卻也失去了他可表現的文化意義。電腦動畫的演進過程中，模擬與仿真一直是電腦動畫創作者想追求的目標，而使用數位電腦動畫技法表現水墨質感，更是許多動畫藝術家所要去模擬。
1988年由上海美術片廠所製作的水墨動畫片”山水情”，在上海美術片廠商業化的考量下，變成了中國水墨美術片最後一部作品，傳統水墨動畫片不只製作繁鎖，所花費預算與人力也是驚人，在藝術創作與商業性的兩方考量之下，華文地區再也沒有出現過完整的水手繪水墨動畫片。水墨動畫片的停產，也是宣告中國美術電影放棄了具有獨特風格性的創作手法，而經歷許多年之後，動畫創作者不斷的想要回歸屬於中國風格的藝術影片，而藉由數位技術的開發，讓藝術形式可以藉由科技媒材來實驗，水墨動畫也在另一種形式下再度復甦。2003年學水墨畫出身的動畫藝術家許毅，藉由3D數位媒體創作了動畫作品《夏》，並於2003年入選了SIGGRAPH (Special Interest Group on Graphics and Interactive Techniques)競賽影片中，藉由世界性的發表，也讓中國水墨動畫片有了在3D電腦動畫再次綻放的機會” 中國水墨藝術特有的灑脫,輕逸 的魅力可謂經久不息,而這部《夏》的不同之處就在於,它不 是“畫”出來的———而是“做”出來的 “(趙學凱 2010：)，做出來一詞意思是利用3D物件，設定為水墨質感的材質表現，並沒有傳統水墨中實質的畫工，然而卻可以透過軟體的模擬，表現出畫出來的意像風格。
然而藉由軟體的操作與模擬性，3D電腦動畫可以讓展現於畫紙上的水墨圖像執行出屬於平面中不可能表現出的手法，像是鏡頭運動、光影變化與景物動態等，3D空間中的廣度與深度也給了水墨動畫片另一個發揮空間，可以結合多方的手法運用與繪製技法，並且融合了藝術表現與商業考量之下的創作思維。
Translation - English The evolution and present situation of Chinese ink drawing delineation skills
The development of 3D computer animation in image design and art performance had changed to main stream and developed environment without limit. However, the performance of 2D hand sketch animation is still irreplaceable in the evolution of animation history. Depending on the development of 3D digital technology, traditional presentation of pictures and 2D sketch animation all could be replaced and carried out through imitation of software. In Chinese painting, ink drawing delineation had been the main expression and technique. It uses the ink absorption with brush to sketch the body and shape of object. The transparency and soft tone were formed between paper and ink in the painting.
Since 1980, the technique of computer animation has been evolved and changed the expression of visual art. The innovation of algorithm and creative software provided more new thinking to practice traditional skills and expression in digital medium. In 21st century, digital creation could make people’s ideas and creations become reality with infinity. But it lost the style and beauty from traditional art.「Experiment is most valuable in animation instead of technology. Technology is only tool, also the result of experiment by human. If we only pursue technology, we will fall in bottomless den.」(井迎瑞 2007：20) Use technology diffusely and diversely that make the various combinations of technology and art. The attitude of image experiment and visual development both lead computer animation technology. If we focused on developing skills too much, the presentation of artistry would be ignored. Computer animation is not only showed on technology, but losing the cultural significance. During the process of computer animation evolution, imitation and simulation are always the goals that computer animation workers want to achieve. There are many animation artists would like to use computer animated technique to perform the texture of ink drawing. A Chinese ink drawing animation film “Feeling from mountain and water” which was produced by Shanghai Animation Film Studio in 1988; it became the last Chinese ink drawing animation film under the consideration of commercialization for Shanghai Animation Film Studio. Traditional ink drawing animation film was not only cumbersome for production, but also cost tremendous budget and manpower. Considering both artistic creation and commercial element, there is no more complete ink drawing animation film in Chinese zone. Since ink drawing delineation animation film stopped production, it meant Chinese art film gave up the unique style for creative technique. After several years, animation creators had kept trying to bring Chinese style back to art film. We could have experiment for art form through technology medium with development of digital technique. Chinese ink drawing delineation would be revival with another form.”The animation artist-Ron Hsui, he was expert in Chinese ink drawing delineation who made the animated work “Ode to summer” by 3D digital medium in 2003. It’s nominated by SIGGRAPH (Special Interest Group on Graphics and Interactive Techniques) for competition film in 2003. Through published to world, Chinese ink drawing delineation had the opportunity to blossom in 3D computer animation. Chinese ink drawing delineation art has the unique attraction with free, ease and elegant bearing. “Ode to summer” was different from others because it’s not drawn, it’s “made”. (趙學凱 2010)
Chinese to English: Introduction of “Hydroplaning” effect General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Electronics / Elect Eng
Translation - English Introduction of “Hydroplaning” effect--3 categories of the effect occur Hydroplaning force.
A.（Dynamic Hydroplaning）:
That is the condition that the tires are fully lifted to the road surface water, as long as the road has one tenth of an inch (0.25 cm) of water, and to reach NASA critical speed (NASA critical speed) will occur.
（Viscous Hydroplaning）
At a lower speed, and when the tire is lifted on the road, the tires slide on the film (usually a water film containing oil or dust), which can occur on a flat road.
B.（Rubber Reversion Hydroplaning）:
In the event of an emergency situation in the road, the driver often trample the brakes, if it is in the wet road, tire tread part of the friction due to heat, causing the tire gel showing sticky soft condition, and covered with water, water will turn into Steam, and the steam pressure will lift the tire from the road.
C.Influencing Factors of Hydroplaning:
1. Water depth 2. car speed 3. veichle weight 4. tire width 5. Tread depth of tire 6. Design of tire mark 7. tire pressure 8. Viscous Hydroplaning
The cause of Hydroplaning phenomenon.:1. Over high body of car 2. Unbalance car body 3.Tread depth is insufficient 4. Deep water zone.
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Years of experience: 8. Registered at ProZ.com: Jun 2017.
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Hi, there.
I've worked as a translator in various panel, LCD, solar battery manufacture companies for 2 years.
My mainly job contents are document translation and interpreter in Chinese to English and English to Chinese. I assist supervisors to communicate with their foreigner workers, also help them process training projects for foreigner employees. Furthermore, I would be the trainer in production line of clean fab.
Keywords: industrial, engineering, social net work, mechanical manuals, business agreement, confidential agreement, business, commercial, panel, LCD. See more.industrial, engineering, social net work, mechanical manuals, business agreement, confidential agreement, business, commercial, panel, LCD, solar battery, thesis. See less.
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