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English to Malay: PHARMACODYNAMICS : MECHANISMS OF DRUG ACTION AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DRUG CONCENTRATION AND EFFECT General field: Medical Detailed field: Medical: Pharmaceuticals
Source text - English PHARMACODYNAMICS : MECHANISMS OF DRUG ACTION AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DRUG CONCENTRATION AND EFFECT
Pharmacodynamics can be defined as the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action. The latter aspect of the subject is perhaps the most fundamental challenge to the investigator in pharmacology, and information derived from such study is of basic utility to the technician. The objectives of the analysis of drug action are to identify the primary action (as distinguished from describing resultant effects), to delineate the chemical or physical interactions between drug and cell, and to characterize the full sequence and scope of actions and effects. Such a complete analysis provides the basis for both the rational therapeutic use of a drug and the design of new and superior therapeutic agents. Basic research in pharmacodynamics also provides fundamental insight into biochemical and physiological regulation.
Translation - Malay FARMAKODINAMIK :
MEKANISMA TINDAKAN DADAH DAN HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEPEKATAN DADAH DENGAN KESANNYA
Farmakodinamik boleh ditakrifkan sebagai pembelajaran berkenaan kesan biokimia dan fisiologi dadah dan mekanisma tindakannya. Aspek kedua yang disebutkan ini adalah cabaran paling awal kepada pengkaji bidang farmakologi, dan maklumat yang dicerap daripada kajian sebegini merupakan keperluan asas bagi ahli klinikal. Objektif penganalisaan tindakan dadah ialah untuk mengenalpasti tindakan primer (sebagaimana yang dapat dibezakan melalui penjelasan terhadap kesan hasilan), untuk menggambarkan interaksi kimia atau fizik antara dadah dengan sel, dan untuk mencirikan jujukan lengkap dan skop bagi tindakan dan kesan. Analisa yang lengkap seperti ini menyediakan asas untuk kedua-dua penggunaan terapeutik dadah secara rasional dan rekabentuk untuk agen terapeutik baru yang lebih hebat. Penyelidikan asas dalam bidang farmakodinamik juga menyediakan kefahaman awal terhadap aturan menasabah biokimia dan fisiologi.
Source words : 130
Time Taken : 8 minutes
English to Malay: 4.4.6 Clean air devices and containment General field: Science Detailed field: Biology (-tech,-chem,micro-)
Source text - English 4.4.6 Clean air devices and containment
Containment laboratories must be designed and built to prevent or control the exposure of laboratory workers, other persons, and the environment to the biological agent in use. With biological agents, microorganisms are commonly placed into bio-hazard groups. The terms applied to the groups vary according to different regions of the world; however, they generally conform to four hazard groups (1 being lowest risk, 4 being highest) on the basis of their infectivity and the consequences of such infection [14].
For microbiology laboratories, the levels of containment usually required for work with such agents are determined by their categorization (e.g., containment Level 3 is required for Hazard Group 3 pathogens), and these reflect the increasing levels of health risk to people involved in (or who could be affected by) such work.
In order to minimize risk, most laboratories will have two physical layers of containment. The primary barrier (safety equipment), which will contain the hazard at source, and the secondary barrier (the laboratory itself), the design of which is essential in protecting both the worker and people outside the laboratory. All air leaving the containment room must pass through a HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) filter. As a further measure, laboratories are maintained at a lower pressure than surrounding areas (negative pressure), in order to prevent contaminants from spreading through a building. In constant volume laboratories, the supply and exhaust airflow are balanced to always maintain a given airflow.
Total source words : 243
Time taken : 15 mins
Translation - Malay 4.4.6 Peranti-peranti udara bersih dan pembendungan
Makmal-makmal pembendungan mestilah direka dan dibina untuk mencegah atau mengawal pendedahan pekerja-pekerja makmal, orang-orang lain dan persekitaran kepada ejen biologi yang sedang dalam penggunaan. Berhubung ejen-ejen biologi, mikroorganisma biasanya diletakkan ke dalam kumpulan biohazard. Istilah-istilah yang digunakan untuk kumpulan-kumpulan tersebut berbeza-beza mengikut pelbagai kawasan di dunia; walau bagaimanapun, ia secara umumnya menepati empat kumpulan bahaya (1 berisiko paling rendah, 4 sebagai yang tertinggi) berdasarkan infektiviti mereka dan akibat jangkitan tersebut [4].
Untuk makmal-makmal mikrobiologi, tahap-tahap pembendungan yang biasanya diperlukan untuk bekerja dengan ejen-ejen sedemikian ditentukan oleh pengkategoriannya (mis., pembendungan Tahap 3 diperlukan untuk patogen-patogen Hazard Kumpulan 3), dan ini mencerminkan tahap-tahap peningkatan risiko kesihatan terhadap orang yang terlibat dalam (atau sesiapa yang mungkin terjejas oleh) kerja tersebut.
Untuk mengurangkan risiko, kebanyakan makmal-makmal akan mempunyai dua lapisan pembendungan fizikal. Penghadang utama (peralatan keselamatan), yang akan membendung bahaya pada sumbernya, dan penghadang sekunder (makmal itu sendiri), yang reka bentuknya penting dalam melindungi kedua-dua pekerja dan orang di luar makmal. Semua udara yang keluar dari bilik pembendungan mesti melalui penapis HEPA (udara partikulat kecekapan tinggi). Sebagai langkah selanjutnya, makmal-makmal dikekalkan pada suatu tekanan yang lebih rendah berbanding kawasan sekitar (tekanan negatif), untuk mencegah bahan-bahan cemar dari merebak melalui bangunan. Dalam makmal-makmal isipadu tetap, aliran udara yang masuk dan yang keluar diseimbangkan untuk sentiasa mengekalkan aliran udara yang diberikan.
English to Malay: Safety Data Sheet as per Globally Harmonized System (GHS) General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Safety
Source text - English Safety Data Sheet as per Globally Harmonized System (GHS)
4. FIRST- AID MEASURES
Description of necessary first-aid measures
Inhalation:
Remove to fresh air
Skin contact:
Flush with water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical advice, if necessary
Eye contact:
Immediately flush eyes with running water, keeping the eyelids open forcibly. Remove contact lenses, if present, after the first 5 minutes, then continue flushing eyes for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention
Ingestion:
Immediately rinse mouth and then drink plenty of water. Seek medical attention, if necessary
Most important symptoms/effects, acute and delayed
Skin contact:
Causes irritation
Eye contact:
Risk of serious damage to eyes
Ingestion: May be harmful if swallowed
Indication of immediate medical attention and special treatment needed, if necessary
Treatment: Treat symptomatically
Total source words: 134
Time taken: 10 mins
Translation - Malay Helaian Data Keselamatan mengikut Sistem Terharmoni Global (GHS)
4. LANGKAH-LANGKAH PERTOLONGAN CEMAS
Penerangan langkah-langkah pertolongan cemas yang perlu
Penyedutan:
Alihkan ke udara segar
Sentuhan kulit:
Jirus dengan air untuk sekurang-kurangnya 15 minit. Dapatkan bantuan perubatan, jika perlu
Sentuhan mata:
Segera jirus mata dengan air mengalir, tetapkan kelopak mata terbuka secara paksa. Tanggalkan kanta lekap, jika ada, selepas 5 minit pertama, kemudian teruskan menjirus mata untuk sekurang-kurangnya 15 minit. Dapatkan perhatian perubatan
Pengingesan:
Segera bilas mulut dan kemudian minum banyak air. Dapatkan perhatian perubatan, jika perlu
Simptom/kesan paling penting, akut dan tertunda
Sentuhan kulit:
Menyebabkan kerengsaan
Sentuhan mata:
Risiko kerosakan serius pada mata
Pengingesan:
Mungkin memudaratkan jika tertelan
Petunjuk bagi keperluan perhatian perubatan segera dan rawatan khas, jika perlu
Rawatan:
Rawat secara simptomatik
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Experience
Years of experience: 30. Registered at ProZ.com: Aug 2003.
Adobe Acrobat, Adobe Illustrator, Crowdin, Lokalise, MateCat, memoQ, MemSource Cloud, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, MS Excell, MS Word, Plunet BusinessManager, Powerpoint, Protemos, Smartcat, Text United Software, Transifex, Wordbee
Microbiologist
by profession with 26 years of experiences in generic pharmaceutical
manufacturing, in the area of Microbiology, Regulatory Affairs, QA-Compliance,
E.S.H. and Training & Developments.
Preparation, proofreading and translation of
technical documents (English to Malay, vice-versa) have been part of daily
routines throughout the years since 1994, although it was not the main tasks.
Documents mainly are of technical, the rest include brochures, leaflets,
package inserts, employee’s handbook, correspondences, etc.
A freelance language translator, since January
2002, as a full-time freelancer since JAN 2020. Freelancing has
expanded translation portfolio to cover other areas/fields as well.
Offering translation services at reasonable price
to those who are looking for translators. Services offered: Translation,
Editing, Proofreading, MTPE, Quality Assessment.
No electronic tool is used as translations are done
off-hand. However, any CAT tools if platform is provided by vendor are
always welcome. Hands-on experience in: Crowdin; Text United; Transifex;
WordBee; memoQ; memSource.
Clients mostly are agencies from United Kingdom,
Germany, Finland, Bulgaria, United States of America, Egypt, Singapore,
Thailand, South Korea, to name a few. All client’s documents and particulars
are kept in strictest confidential as NDAs or similar documents shall be signed
off without hesitation, if requested.
Any
sample to be translated (for evaluation) prior to start of any project is
welcome.
CV
will be sent upon request.
Updated on 29 OCT 2020.
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Keywords: Malay, microbiology, pharmaceuticals manufacturing, medical devices, regulatory affairs, quality, environment, safety and health, training & developments, sciences. See more.Malay, microbiology, pharmaceuticals manufacturing, medical devices, regulatory affairs, quality, environment, safety and health, training & developments, sciences, biology, chemistry, engineering, technical, scientific, technology, human resources, clinical studies, Material Safety Data Sheet, legal, contracts, . See less.
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