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Portuguese to English: Documentary proposal General field: Other Detailed field: Cinema, Film, TV, Drama
Source text - Portuguese ROCINHA À VISTA é um documentário em que uma pequena equipe de filmagem acompanhará diversas excursões a Favela da Rocinha. A idéia central do projeto é filmar esse processo de “encontro” entre turistas e moradores, sempre a partir da rotina de trabalho de seu cicerone, nosso personagem central, o guia de turismo. É ao longo do tour que se dá o “choque” entre culturas dispares, dois lados que acabam se entrelaçando para o alcance de seus objetivos específicos: uns na busca por conhecer de perto “o selvagem”, outros atrás de seu sustento. Entendemos que a única forma de lançar luz sobre esse fenômeno é imergindo em seu universo cotidiano, expondo de dentro para fora, nos tornando mais um personagem desse “encontro”.
Partindo das propostas de registro de documentários “observativos”, em contraponto, valorizaremos o caráter processual da realização. Os dispositivos propostos aos personagens e a presença da equipe e das câmeras serão naturalmente evidenciados e atuarão como fatores determinantes na provocação da realidade. Faremos nossas gravações exclusivamente ao longo desses passeios e no seu processo logístico de pré e pós. Ou seja, somente iremos às favelas para acompanhar tours, entraremos e sairemos de lá sempre junto com guias e turistas. Tal estratégia surge como a única possível, uma vez que nos submeteremos à rapidez mesma dos tours, desgarrados de vínculos e mitos espetaculares. Acreditamos que, com uma equipe composta por pessoas sem relação prévia com a comunidade, mesmo de maneira diferente, nosso olhar e nossa recepção também será a de estrangeiros.
Translation - English TAKING HOME ROCINHA is a documentary in which a small film crew will accompany various tours to the Rocinha favela. The central idea of the project is to film this process in which tourists and residents encounter one another, always from the point of view of the working routine of the tour guide – our central character. It is during the tour that the clash between the contrasting cultures takes place, two sides that end up becoming entwined in the pursuit of their own specific objectives: some on a search to see ‘the wilds’ up close, others looking to make a living. We understand that the only way to shed light on this phenomenon is through immersing ourselves in its daily world, showing it from the inside and becoming another character in this encounter.
In contrast to the usual conventions of observational documentaries, we shall give prominence to the filming process itself. The documentary devices employed with the characters and the presence of the crew and the cameras will be naturally evidenced and will act as determining factors in the provocation of reality. We shall film exclusively during the tours and during their logistical processes both before and after. That is, we shall go to the favelas only to accompany tours and we shall always enter and leave together with the guides and the tourists. This emerges as the only possible strategy once we have surrendered ourselves to the actual rapidity of the tours, devoid of links to the community and with minds free of sensational stereotypes. We believe that with a crew composed of people with no previous relation in any way to the community of Rocinha, our gaze and our reception will also be that of foreigners.
Portuguese to English: Academic paper on economics General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: Economics
Source text - Portuguese Introdução
EXISTE UM RISCO de focar o olhar no fato e não perceber o todo em que está inserido. Claro, buscar entender o todo complexo tem enormes riscos ao trabalhar com um conjunto de relações, o que dificulta sua amarração e coerência. Talvez valha a pena o risco à medida que se procura entender a própria complexidade para ir além das fáceis análises que apenas relacionam a crise atual a um colapso irracional concentrado em um único mercado (o de hipotecas norte-americano) e não no sistema como um todo, ou a um problema de pânico e erro de regulação que foi capaz de colocar o mundo abaixo, como se uma borboleta batendo as asas pudesse causar um furacão em alguma parte do mundo.1 Há uma tendência em focar o problema para achar culpados imediatos e nunca olhar os elementos estruturais e históricos que tornaram aquilo possível. Nada melhor do que imaginar que o problema nasceu de algo muito simples, assim rapidamente se pode resolvê-lo.
A hipótese aqui desenvolvida é a de que a crise atual é o resultado de como a economia mundial se estruturou nos últimos 50 anos, o que não envolve apenas o problema da liberalização financeira decorrente do desmantelamento do acordo de Bretton Woods nos anos 1970, mas a própria estruturação das bases para a mundialização do capital no pós-guerra pelo acordo.2 A crise atual é em grande parte fruto da liberalização financeira pós-anos 1970,3 mas supor esse como único fator relevante seria aceitar que o "lado financeiro" da economia não tem relação com o lado real, produtivo, que o excesso de liquidez mundial é simplesmente um acidente de percurso e não tem a ver com contradições do próprio processo de acumulação de capital. O mesmo seria pensar a crise dos anos 1930 como algo isolado e que não estivesse no meio de duas grandes guerras e que, ao mesmo tempo, demarcou um ponto de inflexão pelo fim da hegemonia inglesa.
Translation - English Introduction
THERE IS A RISK when focusing on an event of not appreciating the situation in which it lies. Of course, there are enormous risks associated with seeking to understand the complex whole when working with a set of relations, which can be difficult to account for in a coherent manner. Perhaps an attempt to understand the complexity is worth the trouble in order to go beyond the basic analyses that relate the current crisis to just an irrational collapse concentrated in a single market (the North American mortgage market) and not the system as a whole, or to regulatory errors and panic that were able to bring the world to its knees, as if a butterfly beating its wings could cause a hurricane somewhere in the world.1 There is a tendency to focus on the problem in order to quickly identify the culprits and to never look at the structural and historical factors that made it possible. There is nothing better than imagining that the problem was born of simple causes, as then it can be quickly rectified.
Here we develop the hypothesis that the current crisis is the result of the way the global economy has been structured in the last 50 years. This does not just involve the problem of the financial liberalization that resulted from the dismantling of the Bretton Woods agreement in the 1970s, but the way this agreement structured the foundations for the globalization of capital after the war.2 The current crisis is, to a great extent, the fruit of post-1970s financial liberalization,3 but to consider this the only relevant factor would be to accept that the "financial side" of the economy is not related to the real productive side and that excess global liquidity is simply an accident and does not have anything to do with contradictions in the very process of capital accumulation. This is similar to regarding the crisis of the 1930s as an isolated event and ignoring the fact that it took place between two world wars and, at the same time, represented a turning point for the end of British hegemony.
Spanish to English: Academic paper on data mining General field: Science Detailed field: Computers: Software
Source text - Spanish Clasificación de Datos: La clasificación se utiliza para clasificar un conjunto de datos basado en los valores de sus atributos. Por ejemplo, se podría clasificar a distintas personas para el otorgamiento de un préstamo en riesgo bajo, medio y alto, teniendo en cuenta información histórica de las mismas.
La clasificación encuentra las propiedades comunes entre un conjunto de objetos y los clasifica en diferentes clases, de acuerdo a un modelo de clasificación. Para construir este modelo, se utiliza un conjunto de entrenamiento, en el que cada instancia consiste en un conjunto de atributos y el valor de la clase a la cual pertenece [4].
Los algoritmos mayormente utilizados para las tareas de clasificación son los algoritmos de inducción. En la actualidad existen numerosos enfoques de algoritmos de inducción y variedad en cada enfoque, el presente trabajo hará hincapié en aquellos orientados a generar árboles de decisión.
ID3 es un sistema típico de construcción de árboles de decisión, el cual adopta una estrategia de arriba hacia abajo e inspecciona solo una parte del espacio de búsqueda. ID-3 garantiza que será encontrado un árbol simple, pero no necesariamente el más simple. ID-3 utiliza la teoría de la información para minimizar la cantidad de pruebas para clasificar un objeto. Una heurística selecciona el atributo que provee la mayor ganancia de la información.
Una extensión a ID3, C4.5 [21] extiende el dominio de clasificación de atributos categóricos a numéricos. J48 es una implementación mejorada del algoritmo de árboles de decisión C4.5. El algoritmo J48 funciona bien con atributos nominales y numéricos. Un paso importante en la construcción del árbol de decisión es la poda, la cual elimina las ramas no necesarias, resultando en una clasificación más rápida y una mejora en la precisión de la clasificación de datos [20].
Translation - English Data Classification: This is used to classify a dataset based on its attribute values. For example, different people can be classified as having a low, medium or high risk credit rating based on their historical information.
Classification finds the common properties between a set of objects and classifies them into different classes according to a classification model. This model is constructed using a training set in which each instance consists of a set of attributes and the class value to which they belong [4].
Classification tasks mostly utilize induction algorithms. Currently there exist numerous types of induction algorithms and variety within each type; this paper will focus on those used to generate decision trees.
ID3 is a typical decision tree construction system, which adopts a top-down strategy and inspects only part of the search space. It guarantees that a simple tree will be found, but not necessarily the simplest. ID3 uses information theory to minimize the amount of tests needed to classify an object. A heuristic selects the attribute that provides the highest information gain.
C4.5 [21], an extension of ID3, extends the classification domain from categorical to numerical attributes. J48 is an improved implementation of the C4.5 decision tree algorithm. The J48 algorithm works well with nominal and numerical attributes. An important step in decision tree construction is pruning, whereby unnecessary branches are eliminated, resulting in faster and more precise data classification [20].
Spanish to English: Policy statement / action plan General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: Government / Politics
Source text - Spanish Vida Independiente
Fundamentación
Los principios de Vida Independiente contemplan una participación activa de las personas con discapacidad en la sociedad, con los mismos derechos y capacidad para decidir que el resto de ciudadanos, pero también como personas que requieren de apoyos específicos que permitan el ejercicio de sus derechos. Según la Ley 11/2003
de Servicios Sociales de la Comunidad de Madrid, uno de cuyos objetivos es que las personas puedan vivir dignamente a lo largo de su vida, es necesario prever los apoyos y ayudas que precisarán según avance su edad.
En este sentido, la Comunidad de Madrid, a través del Plan de Acción 1999-2002 impulsó actuaciones de apoyo que facilitan la permanencia en el hogar a las personas
con discapacidad, a través del servicio de teleasistencia y de la ayuda a domicilio, las ayudas individuales, que incluyen las ayudas técnicas o ayudas de apoyo, las ayudas para transporte en taxi a personas con discapacidad gravemente afectadas en su movilidad (bono-taxi), así como el servicio de intérpretes de lenguaje de signos.
En este momento es necesario seguir profundizando en las acciones relativas a la Vida Independiente, para garantizar que las personas con discapacidad puedan, si es su opción, permanecer en su vivienda habitual teniendo cubiertas sus necesidades más básicas, a través de unos servicios de proximidad con una implantación mayor y una especialización que tenga en cuenta las características particulares de la atención a poblaciones específicas como pueden ser las personas con daño cerebral. Así mismo, es necesario ensayar e implantar fórmulas novedosas de apoyo a la Vida Independiente, tales como la figura del Asistente Personal, que ya existen en otros países de nuestro entorno.
Translation - English Independent Living
Introduction
The principles of the Independent Living programme envisage the active participation in society of those with disabilities with the same rights and capacity to make decisions as everyone else, but also recognise the specific support they require in order to exercise these rights. According to the 11/2003 Social Services Law of the Community of Madrid (Ley 11/2003 de Servicios Sociales de la Comunidad de Madrid), which counts amongst its objectives that of dignified living for all people throughout their lifetime, it is necessary to anticipate and plan for the help and support that will be needed as they get older.
In this respect, the Community of Madrid, through the 1999-2002 Action Plan (Plan de Acción 1999-2002), brought about measures facilitating the continued residence of disabled people in the home environment. This was done through the teleassistance and home help services, financial support on an individual level, both technical and otherwise, and through the provision of a taxi voucher scheme (bono-taxi) for people with severely impaired mobility, as well as a sign language interpreter service.
At this juncture it is necessary to continue to develop the measures relating to the Independent Living programme in greater depth. This is needed to guarantee that those with disabilities have the option of continuing to live at home with all their basic needs covered by more firmly established local services that have specialist knowledge of the particular characteristics pertaining to the support of specific groups, such as those with mental disabilities. Likewise, there is a need to test and introduce novel ways for supporting Independent Living, such as through the role of personal assistants, who already exist in various other countries.
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Master's degree - University of Leeds
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Years of experience: 19. Registered at ProZ.com: May 2007.
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