English to Russian Social Sciences History

In 1957 the Gold Coast, as Ghana, became the first African colony to become independent. A mishandled referendum in French west Africa led to the independence of Guinea in 1958 and that provided an example for others to follow. By 1960 all the French colonies in west and equatorial Africa were independent. This increased pressure on the other European powers. Belgium rushed through independence for the Congo in a little over eighteen months and because it had built no social infrastructure during its period of rule the state disintegrated - an army mutiny led to chaos and near anarchy. This concentrated the minds of the British and they too speeded up moves to independence across the whole of Africa. The most rapid was in Somaliland which moved from colonial autocracy to independence in the space of just four and a half months in early 1960. Only in a few cases where European settlers were well entrenched such as Algeria (constitutionally part of France rather than a colony) were there major problems and extensive conflict over independence. By the mid-1960s the European empires in Africa had come to an end and nearly all the remaining colonies around the world were independent by the early 1970s. The last to go were the Portuguese colonies after the revolution in 1974 and southern Rhodesia in 1980 after the ruling white minority had illegally declared independence in 1965. Если я правильно понимаю Бельгия сама по собственной инициативе решила сделать Конго независимым. Потом говорится о том, что это едва не привело к анархии и что британцы тоже стали ускорять обретения независимости африканскими колониями. Получается, что европейским державам было выгодно разваливать колонии. Или я что-то не так понял? Смущает меня предложение об Алжире, в котором говорится, что были конфликты из-за независимости. Какое-то противоречие получается. Или только Бельгия и Британия хотели, чтобы колонии стали независимыми?