Glossary entry (derived from question below)
Hungarian term or phrase:
akarati elv és nyilatkozati elv
English translation:
theory of the will & theory of declaration / will theory & declaration theory
Added to glossary by
Katalin Szilárd
Apr 13, 2011 16:18
13 yrs ago
1 viewer *
Hungarian term
akarati elv, nyilatkozati elv
Hungarian to English
Bus/Financial
Law: Contract(s)
hitelnyújtás
Egy választottbírósági eljárásról van szó, és egy szerződés értelmezéséről is folyik a vita.
Idézem az ominózus szöveget:
Egy szerződés vagy az akarati, vagy a nyilatkozati elv szerint (vagy e két elv kombinációja alapján) értelmezhető. A Ptk. mint ez ismert, a szerződési akaratra is figyelemmel van, de a nyilatkozati elv talaján áll.
Ennek a két elvnek a hivatalos jogi nevét szeretném, ha valaki megadná angolul. Előre is köszönöm.
Idézem az ominózus szöveget:
Egy szerződés vagy az akarati, vagy a nyilatkozati elv szerint (vagy e két elv kombinációja alapján) értelmezhető. A Ptk. mint ez ismert, a szerződési akaratra is figyelemmel van, de a nyilatkozati elv talaján áll.
Ennek a két elvnek a hivatalos jogi nevét szeretném, ha valaki megadná angolul. Előre is köszönöm.
Proposed translations
(English)
| 5 | theory of the will, theory of declaration |
Katalin Szilárd
|
| 5 | Principles of Contractual Interpretation |
Ildiko Santana
|
Change log
Apr 18, 2011 12:48: Katalin Szilárd Created KOG entry
Proposed translations
8 mins
Katalin Szilárd
Hungary
Hungary
Native in Hungarian
Works in field
Hungary
[email protected] MEDICAL4ENDCLIENTS
Native in: Hungarian 
Works in: English to Hungarian, Hungarian to English
Related KudoZ points
:
28
Selected
theory of the will, theory of declaration
Így mondják.
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 11 mins (2011-04-13 16:30:32 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Illetve itt írják. :)
De úgy is lehet írni, hogy
WILL THEORY, DECLARATION THEORY
Referencia:
http://assets.cambridge.org/052184/4231/excerpt/0521844231_e...
To summarise, two distinct strands can be identified: the first relates to a conception of the will theory and the subjective intention of the parties as opposed to the second that emphasises the declaration of the will of the parties and analyses their intention objectively. A tension exists between these two distinct sets of values, as the will theory (Willenstheorie) of subjective intention versus the theory of declaration (Erklärungstheorie) of objective reliance. It is contended that the English view of mistake does not fit either of these theories perhaps because mistake in England has developed in isolation and in somewhat different contexts.37 The fact that a large majority of English (common law) cases on mistake concern commercial contracts no doubt explains these differences since the judges’ immediate concerns about mistake arose in fact-specific situations giving rise to a need for adjudication, where priority had to be given to finding a balance between giving relief and protecting commercial interests.38 In other words, the little theorising about mistake that was done happened during or as a consequence of litigation.
http://books.google.com/books?id=iFIT_NsmE7MC&pg=PA585&lpg=P...
The law of obligations: Roman foundations of the civilian tradition
By Reinhard Zimmermann
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 14 mins (2011-04-13 16:33:12 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Tehát ez is helyes:
theory of the will, theory of declaration
meg ez is:
will theory, declaration theory
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 1 hr (2011-04-13 17:20:50 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
**Fontos referenciák:
http://jog.unideb.hu/documents/tanszekek/jogtorteneti/romai-...
Az akarati elv legjelentősebb képviselői e korban Hugo Grotius és Christian Wolff
http://ouclf.iuscomp.org/articles/rahmatian.shtml
his "reliance theory" is the product of eighteenth-century ius commune jurists in central Europe (as opposed to the "will theory" of Grotius and Pufendorf), and could already be found in the Bavarian Codex Maximilianeus Bavaricus Civilis of 1765 (IV.1.25), and in the writings of the Austrian jurist K A v Martini. See also under B (3), "Austria", below.
http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/social...
Social contract is a violation of contract theory?
According to the will theory of contract, which was dominant in the 19th century and still exerts a strong influence, a contract is not presumed valid unless all parties agree to it voluntarily, either tacitly or explicitly, without coercion.
http://books.google.com/books?id=6tCMDqb54OQC&pg=RA3-PA429&l...
Jurisprudence
By Roscoe Pound
. question has been debated also in France.8* Jhering suggested dealing with cases ... The difference between the declaration theory and the will theory ...
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 1 hr (2011-04-13 17:26:43 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
**
Nem principle. Ez a német filozófusokhoz kötődik, és ott Willenstheorie és Erklärungstheorie. így vette át az angol is.
http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/147949/
University of Southampton
Agreements, mistakes, and contract formation: a comparative theoretical analysis
Beever, Allan (2009) Agreements, mistakes, and contract formation: a comparative theoretical analysis. Kings Law Journal, 20, (1), 21-51.
This article explores the nature of CONTRACT formation. It does so by examining the will theory and the declaration theory as accounts of agreement. The article concludes that neither theory is adequate either as a description of the operation of the law in practice or, more fundamentally, as an explanation of agreement. Instead, the article recommends an alternative account - 'the objective will theory' - that both adequately explains agreement and captures the operation of the law.
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 11 mins (2011-04-13 16:30:32 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Illetve itt írják. :)
De úgy is lehet írni, hogy
WILL THEORY, DECLARATION THEORY
Referencia:
http://assets.cambridge.org/052184/4231/excerpt/0521844231_e...
To summarise, two distinct strands can be identified: the first relates to a conception of the will theory and the subjective intention of the parties as opposed to the second that emphasises the declaration of the will of the parties and analyses their intention objectively. A tension exists between these two distinct sets of values, as the will theory (Willenstheorie) of subjective intention versus the theory of declaration (Erklärungstheorie) of objective reliance. It is contended that the English view of mistake does not fit either of these theories perhaps because mistake in England has developed in isolation and in somewhat different contexts.37 The fact that a large majority of English (common law) cases on mistake concern commercial contracts no doubt explains these differences since the judges’ immediate concerns about mistake arose in fact-specific situations giving rise to a need for adjudication, where priority had to be given to finding a balance between giving relief and protecting commercial interests.38 In other words, the little theorising about mistake that was done happened during or as a consequence of litigation.
http://books.google.com/books?id=iFIT_NsmE7MC&pg=PA585&lpg=P...
The law of obligations: Roman foundations of the civilian tradition
By Reinhard Zimmermann
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 14 mins (2011-04-13 16:33:12 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Tehát ez is helyes:
theory of the will, theory of declaration
meg ez is:
will theory, declaration theory
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 1 hr (2011-04-13 17:20:50 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
**Fontos referenciák:
http://jog.unideb.hu/documents/tanszekek/jogtorteneti/romai-...
Az akarati elv legjelentősebb képviselői e korban Hugo Grotius és Christian Wolff
http://ouclf.iuscomp.org/articles/rahmatian.shtml
his "reliance theory" is the product of eighteenth-century ius commune jurists in central Europe (as opposed to the "will theory" of Grotius and Pufendorf), and could already be found in the Bavarian Codex Maximilianeus Bavaricus Civilis of 1765 (IV.1.25), and in the writings of the Austrian jurist K A v Martini. See also under B (3), "Austria", below.
http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/social...
Social contract is a violation of contract theory?
According to the will theory of contract, which was dominant in the 19th century and still exerts a strong influence, a contract is not presumed valid unless all parties agree to it voluntarily, either tacitly or explicitly, without coercion.
http://books.google.com/books?id=6tCMDqb54OQC&pg=RA3-PA429&l...
Jurisprudence
By Roscoe Pound
. question has been debated also in France.8* Jhering suggested dealing with cases ... The difference between the declaration theory and the will theory ...
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 1 hr (2011-04-13 17:26:43 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
**
Nem principle. Ez a német filozófusokhoz kötődik, és ott Willenstheorie és Erklärungstheorie. így vette át az angol is.
http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/147949/
University of Southampton
Agreements, mistakes, and contract formation: a comparative theoretical analysis
Beever, Allan (2009) Agreements, mistakes, and contract formation: a comparative theoretical analysis. Kings Law Journal, 20, (1), 21-51.
This article explores the nature of CONTRACT formation. It does so by examining the will theory and the declaration theory as accounts of agreement. The article concludes that neither theory is adequate either as a description of the operation of the law in practice or, more fundamentally, as an explanation of agreement. Instead, the article recommends an alternative account - 'the objective will theory' - that both adequately explains agreement and captures the operation of the law.
4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer.
Comment: "Köszönöm szépen, nagyon hasznos volt"
6 hrs
Ildiko Santana
United States
United States
Native in Hungarian
&
English
Specializes in field
United States
Accurate / Fast / Cheap -- Pick Two
Native in: Hungarian 
, English
Works in: Hungarian to English, English to Hungarian, English, and 1 more.
Related KudoZ points
:
153
Principles of Contractual Interpretation
Mindkét fogalom - akarati elv, nyilatkozati elv - a szerződések értelmezésének elvei közé tartozik, ahogy a magyar szöveg is írja, "Egy szerződés vagy az akarati, vagy a nyilatkozati elv szerint (vagy e két elv kombinációja alapján) értelmezhető." A szerződések értelmezése angolul CONTRACTUAL INTERPRETATION, vagy contract interpretation, vagy interpretation of a contract (mondatszerkezettől függően).
Az ELVet ebben a szövegösszefüggésben feltétlenül PRINCIPLEnek fordítanám, nem csak a szótárakra, hanem szakirodalomra is támaszkodva szerintem itt ez a választás a legmegfelelőbb. ?Értelmezési elvek: interpretive principles.
Az AKARAT, azaz szándék, ez esetben szerintem INTENT. A szerződő felek szerződéses akaratáról/szándékáról van itt szó. Ezt vizsgálhatja a bíróság a szerződés értelmezésekor (contract interpretation).
Néhány hivatkozás:
"General Rules of Contract Interpretation
Meaning of Contract Ascertained From 4 Corners of Instrument Where contract language is clear and explicit and does not lead to an absurd result, a court will ascertain contractual intent from the written provisions of the contract itself and go no further. (Cal.Civ. Code §§ 1638, 1639.)"
http://www.west.net/~smith/interpret.htm
"Contract Interpretation
There are rules for interpreting written contracts in the event of a dispute among the parties to the contract. The courts seek to the intent of the parties at the time they entered into the contract. Rules for interpreting contract language have as their goal determination of the parties' intent."
http://contracts.lawyers.com/contracts/Contract-Interpretati...
"Contract Interpretation
Contract interpretation remains the largest single source of contract litigation between business firms. In part this is because contract interpretation issues are difficult, but it also reflects a deep divide between textualist and contextualist theories of interpretation. While a strong majority of U.S. courts continue to follow the traditional, “formalist” approach to contract interpretation, some courts and most commentators prefer the “contextualist” interpretive principles that are reflected in the Uniform Commercial Code and the Second Restatement."
http://www.yalelawjournal.org/the-yale-law-journal/content-p...
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 7 hrs (2011-04-13 23:28:37 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
"Principles of Contract Interpretation
Contract interpretation begins with the plain language of the contract. (...) In construing the terms of a contract, the parties' intent must be gathered from the instrument as a whole (...) The intention of the parties to a contract controls its interpretation."
http://www.justice.gov/usao/eousa/foia_reading_room/usam/tit...
- - - -
A "Nyilatkozati Elvet" talán külön kérdésként kéne feltenni, azért egy-két szóban beírom az ötletemet... :) Általánosságban lehet pl. express / expressly / expression, pl.:
"...obligations expressly in written; obligations that were not the express basis of the bargain at the time this Agreement was made; courts have divided on the question whether express contract terms should be given a “contextual” or a “plain meaning” interpretation.
(ismét a fenti Yale Law Journal a forrás)
Az adott mondatban a kérdéses rész, "a PTK. .... a nyilatkozati elv talaján áll" szerintem magyarul annyit jelent, hogy a polgári jogi szerződések értelmezése során a magyar joggyakorlat a felek által kifejezett, (írott v. szóbeli) nyilatkozatban közölt feltételekre fektet nagyobb hangsúlyt, semmint a felek szerződéses akaratára.
Az ELVet ebben a szövegösszefüggésben feltétlenül PRINCIPLEnek fordítanám, nem csak a szótárakra, hanem szakirodalomra is támaszkodva szerintem itt ez a választás a legmegfelelőbb. ?Értelmezési elvek: interpretive principles.
Az AKARAT, azaz szándék, ez esetben szerintem INTENT. A szerződő felek szerződéses akaratáról/szándékáról van itt szó. Ezt vizsgálhatja a bíróság a szerződés értelmezésekor (contract interpretation).
Néhány hivatkozás:
"General Rules of Contract Interpretation
Meaning of Contract Ascertained From 4 Corners of Instrument Where contract language is clear and explicit and does not lead to an absurd result, a court will ascertain contractual intent from the written provisions of the contract itself and go no further. (Cal.Civ. Code §§ 1638, 1639.)"
http://www.west.net/~smith/interpret.htm
"Contract Interpretation
There are rules for interpreting written contracts in the event of a dispute among the parties to the contract. The courts seek to the intent of the parties at the time they entered into the contract. Rules for interpreting contract language have as their goal determination of the parties' intent."
http://contracts.lawyers.com/contracts/Contract-Interpretati...
"Contract Interpretation
Contract interpretation remains the largest single source of contract litigation between business firms. In part this is because contract interpretation issues are difficult, but it also reflects a deep divide between textualist and contextualist theories of interpretation. While a strong majority of U.S. courts continue to follow the traditional, “formalist” approach to contract interpretation, some courts and most commentators prefer the “contextualist” interpretive principles that are reflected in the Uniform Commercial Code and the Second Restatement."
http://www.yalelawjournal.org/the-yale-law-journal/content-p...
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 7 hrs (2011-04-13 23:28:37 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
"Principles of Contract Interpretation
Contract interpretation begins with the plain language of the contract. (...) In construing the terms of a contract, the parties' intent must be gathered from the instrument as a whole (...) The intention of the parties to a contract controls its interpretation."
http://www.justice.gov/usao/eousa/foia_reading_room/usam/tit...
- - - -
A "Nyilatkozati Elvet" talán külön kérdésként kéne feltenni, azért egy-két szóban beírom az ötletemet... :) Általánosságban lehet pl. express / expressly / expression, pl.:
"...obligations expressly in written; obligations that were not the express basis of the bargain at the time this Agreement was made; courts have divided on the question whether express contract terms should be given a “contextual” or a “plain meaning” interpretation.
(ismét a fenti Yale Law Journal a forrás)
Az adott mondatban a kérdéses rész, "a PTK. .... a nyilatkozati elv talaján áll" szerintem magyarul annyit jelent, hogy a polgári jogi szerződések értelmezése során a magyar joggyakorlat a felek által kifejezett, (írott v. szóbeli) nyilatkozatban közölt feltételekre fektet nagyobb hangsúlyt, semmint a felek szerződéses akaratára.
Peer comment(s):
| neutral |
Katalin Szilárd
: De a szerződésértelmezés alapelvei nem = az akarati/ nyilatkozati elvvel. http://tinyurl.com/6jxzcut A szerz.értelm. a felek szerződéssel kapcsolatos szándékának megismerését jelenti. Ebben hol van az akarati/nyilatkozati elv? + létezik még egyéb elv is
16 hrs
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