Zunächst ein paar Definitionen:

Area Electrical and electronic measurements - Specific terms according to the type of instrument / Stabilized power supplies
IEV ref 314-05-01
en closed loop stabilization
mode of operation in which the value of the output is compared with a reference value and in which the difference between those values is used, directly or indirectly, to maintain the output quantity at the desired value with a given uncertainty
de Stabilisierung durch Regelung, f
http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&iev...

Area Electrical and electronic measurements - Specific terms according to the type of instrument / Stabilized power supplies
IEV ref 314-05-02
en open loop stabilization
mode of operation in which the value of the output is set at a desired value by external means, without taking into account the difference between the actual and desired values
de Stabilisierung durch Steuerung, f
http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&iev...

Area Control technology / Structures of control systems
IEV ref 351-44-03
en action path
directed path within a control structure, which connects two selected variable quantities
Note 1 to entry: This entry was numbered 351-23-03 in IEC 60050-351:2006.
de Wirkungsweg, m
http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&iev...

Area Control technology / Types of control
IEV ref 351-47-04
en closed action
action in a closed action path in which the output variable is continuously or sequentially influencing the input variable and thus continuously or sequentially influencing itself
Note 1 to entry: This entry was numbered 351-26-04 in IEC 60050-351:2006.
http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&iev...

Area Control technology / Types of control
IEV ref 351-47-04
En closed action
action in a closed action path in which the output variable is continuously or sequentially influencing the input variable and thus continuously or sequentially influencing itself
Note 1 to entry: This entry was numbered 351-26-04 in IEC 60050-351:2006.
de geschlossener Wirkungsablauf, m
http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&iev...

Area Oscillations, signals and related devices / Transmission characteristics and performance; Distortion
IEV ref 702-07-70
en feedback
the return of a portion of a signal from output to input of a two port electrical network or from one point on a transmission path to a preceding point along this path
de Rückkopplung, f
http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&iev...

Area Oscillations, signals and related devices / Transmission characteristics and performance; Distortion
IEV ref 702-07-71
en positive feedback
feedback in which the returned signal tends to increase the output signal
de Mitkopplung, f
positive Rückkopplung, f
http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&iev...

Area Oscillations, signals and related devices / Transmission characteristics and performance; Distortion
IEV ref 702-07-72
en negative feedback
feedback in which the returned signal tends to decrease the output signal
de Gegenkopplung, f
negative Rückkopplung, f
http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&iev...

Area Oscillations, signals and related devices / Transmission characteristics and performance; Distortion
IEV ref 702-07-73
en feedforward
the sending of a portion of a signal from input to output of a two-port device or from one point on a transmission path to a subsequent point along this path
de Vorwärtskopplung, f
http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&iev...

Fundamentally, there are two types of control loops: open loop control and closed loop (feedback) control.

In open loop control, the control action from the controller is independent of the "process output" (or "controlled process variable" - PV). A good example of this is a central heating boiler controlled only by a timer, so that heat is applied for a constant time, regardless of the temperature of the building. The control action is the timed switching on/off of the boiler, the process variable is the building temperature, but neither is linked.

In closed loop control, the control action from the controller is dependent on feedback from the process in the form of the value of the process variable (PV). In the case of the boiler analogy, a closed loop would include a thermostat to compare the building temperature (PV) with the temperature set on the thermostat (the set point - SP). This generates a controller output to maintain the building at the desired temperature by switching the boiler on and off. A closed loop controller, therefore, has a feedback loop which ensures the controller exerts a control action to manipulate the process variable to be the same as the "Reference input" or "set point". For this reason, closed loop controllers are also called feedback controllers.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_theory
(Note: this section is not described in the German sister page)

Damit lässt sich die Frage " open-loop and/or closed loop feedback system" wie folgt übersetzen
"Steuerung und/oder Regelungssystem mit Rückkopplung", umständlich ausgedrückt. Einfacher wäre es zu sagen "Steuerung und Regelung". Bei kombinierten Steuerungen/Regelungen werden Steuerungen verwendet, um schnelle Aktionen durchführen zu können, und die Regelabweichung anschließend mit einem PID-Reglern ausgeregelt. Möglicherweise kommt dies im weiteren Kontext auch vor, ohne dabei instabil zu werden.

Siehe dazu:

In an open-loop controller, also called a non-feedback controller, the control action from the controller is independent of the "process output", which is the process variable that is being controlled.[1] It does not use feedback to determine if its output has achieved the desired goal of the input command or process "set point".
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-loop_controller

Fundamentally, there are two types of control loop: open loop (feedforward) control, and closed loop (feedback) control.
:
A feed back control system, such as a PID controller, can be improved by combining the feedback (or closed-loop) control of a PID controller with feed-forward (or open-loop) control. Knowledge about the system (such as the desired acceleration and inertia) can be fed forward and combined with the PID output to improve the overall system performance. The feed-forward value alone can often provide the major portion of the controller output. The PID controller primarily has to compensate whatever difference or error remains between the setpoint (SP) and the system response to the open loop control. Since the feed-forward output is not affected by the process feedback, it can never cause the control system to oscillate, thus improving the system response without affecting stability. Feed forward can be based on the setpoint and on extra measured disturbances. Setpoint weighting is a simple form of feed forward.

For example, in most motion control systems, in order to accelerate a mechanical load under control, more force is required from the actuator. If a velocity loop PID controller is being used to control the speed of the load and command the force being applied by the actuator, then it is beneficial to take the desired instantaneous acceleration, scale that value appropriately and add it to the output of the PID velocity loop controller. This means that whenever the load is being accelerated or decelerated, a proportional amount of force is commanded from the actuator regardless of the feedback value. The PID loop in this situation uses the feedback information to change the combined output to reduce the remaining difference between the process setpoint and the feedback value. Working together, the combined open-loop feed-forward controller and closed-loop PID controller can provide a more responsive control system in some situations.