"...Rule 1042.3 of the Pennsylvania Code. Under this rule the plaintiff, the person filing the lawsuit or their attorney, must obtain a certificate of merit.
A certificate of merit is a statement from an “appropriate licensed professional.” This means that the professional must hold a medical license, and typically must be in an equal professional position as the defendant. Within the statement, the professional must state that they have reviewed the plaintiff’s claim and concluded that the defendant did not follow acceptable, professional standards of care".
https://www.mtvlaw.com/what-is-a-certificate-of-merit-in-med...

"What is the Certificate of Good Faith...?
Before a plaintiff can file a medical malpractice action, Connecticut General Statutes Section 52-190a requires the plaintiff to make "a reasonable inquiry as permitted by the circumstances to determine that there are grounds for a good faith belief that there has been negligence in the care or treatment of the claimant".
https://www.advocateslawfirm.com/what-is-the-certificate-of-...

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Note added at 36 mins (2022-04-25 10:02:56 GMT)
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Accusations without merit:
- необоснованные обвинения.
Case without merit:
- безосновательно возбужденное дело.
Claims without merit:
- необоснованные претензии.
Legal merit:
- юридические основания.
https://www.multitran.com/m.exe?a=3&sc=48&s=merit&l1=1&l2=2