https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/reasonable-doubt.asp

This would be the closest equivalent US-EN term in real estate legalese.

https://www.migalhas.com.br/dePeso/16,MI187650,31047-Aspecto...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title_search

In real estate business and law, a title search or property title search is the process of retrieving documents evidencing events in the history of a piece of real property, to determine relevant interests in and regulations concerning that property.

In the case of a prospective purchase, a title search is performed primarily to answer three questions regarding a property on the market:

Does the seller have a saleable and marketable interest in the property?
What kind of restrictions or allowances pertain to the use of the land? These would include real covenants, easements and other equitable servitudes.
Do any liens exist on the property which need to be paid off at closing? These would be mortgages, back taxes, mechanic's liens, and other assessments.

In the US and UK. *raising requisitions on title* is a process for the purchaser's alias buyer's lawyers to raise objections on the title to land to be bought. So not quite the same as a rectification of the register process at the behest of the 'juízo competente'.

Otherwise, 'um instrumento de verificação da correção, ou incorreção' has echoes of 'the expediente de dominio' in ESP as a way of establsihn a clear title and continuous chain of ownership of land.