Glossary entry (derived from question below)
Spanish term or phrase:
de acostamiento
English translation:
retained
Added to glossary by
Bubo Coroman (X)
Apr 12, 2008 19:58
16 yrs ago
1 viewer *
Spanish term
Spain
Accurate European Spanish on time.
Native in: Spanish
Works in: English to Spanish, Spanish to English
acostamiento
Spanish to English
Art/Literary
History
caballeros y escuderos de acostamiento
Proposed translations
(English)
| 4 +3 | retained knights and esquires |
Bubo Coroman (X)
|
| 3 | keep |
Dolores Vázquez
|
| 3 | stipended |
liz askew
|
Change log
Apr 15, 2008 19:04: Bubo Coroman (X) Created KOG entry
Apr 15, 2008 19:04: Bubo Coroman (X) changed "Edited KOG entry" from "<a href="/profile/139265">Bubo Coroman (X)'s</a> old entry - "de acostamiento"" to ""retained""
Proposed translations
+3
48 mins
Selected
retained knights and esquires
definition of "to retain":
re·tain
Date: 15th century
1 a: to keep in possession or use b: to keep in one's pay or service; specifically : to employ by paying a retainer
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/retained
Examples:
By Michaelmas 1398 these men were seen as nothing more than hired thugs and cost him four fifths of the £5,000 he spent on all of his ***retained knights, esquires*** and archers.
http://www.companionsofthelongbow.co.uk/index_files/Page899....
The Abbey, in return for the land it held from the King, was required to provide him with an allotted quota of men for military service, and it was customary for the rich religious houses to grant land to their ***retained knights***, rather than keep them domiciled in the Abbey precincts.
http://www.bardwellvillage.info/content/view/38/92/
re·tain
Date: 15th century
1 a: to keep in possession or use b: to keep in one's pay or service; specifically : to employ by paying a retainer
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/retained
Examples:
By Michaelmas 1398 these men were seen as nothing more than hired thugs and cost him four fifths of the £5,000 he spent on all of his ***retained knights, esquires*** and archers.
http://www.companionsofthelongbow.co.uk/index_files/Page899....
The Abbey, in return for the land it held from the King, was required to provide him with an allotted quota of men for military service, and it was customary for the rich religious houses to grant land to their ***retained knights***, rather than keep them domiciled in the Abbey precincts.
http://www.bardwellvillage.info/content/view/38/92/
4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer.
Comment: "Thank you once again ! ^_^"
5 mins
Dolores Vázquez
Native in Spanish
Also a Technical Engineer
Native in: Galician 
, Spanish
Works in: English to Spanish, French to Spanish, German to Spanish, and 5 more.
Related KudoZ points
:
4
keep
Una sugerencia.
Reference:
http://rus.proz.com/kudoz/spanish_to_english/history/2474116-acostamiento_de_la_corte.html
17 mins
stipended
Bureaucratization
“squires” in the terminology of Vansina (e.g., 1973: 320, 322). ...... stipended administrators who governed the growing cities as well as rural areas. ...
www.springerlink.com/index/rqx0t80th1882773.pdf - Similar pages
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 21 mins (2008-04-12 20:20:10 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
The knight was one of three types of fighting men during the middle ages: Knights, Foot Soldiers, and Archers. The medieval knight was the equivalent of the modern tank. He was covered in multiple layers of armor, and could plow through foot soldiers standing in his way. No single foot soldier or archer could stand up to any one knight. Knights were also generally the wealthiest of the three types of soldiers. This was for a good reason. It was terribly expensive to be a knight. The war horse alone could cost the equivalent of a small airplane. Armor, shields, and weapons were also very expensive. Becoming a knight was part of the feudal agreement. In return for military service, the knight received a fief. In the late middle ages, many prospective knights began to pay "shield money" to their lord so that they wouldn't have to serve in the king's army. The money was then used to create a professional army that was paid and supported by the king. These knights often fought more for pillaging than for army wages. When they captured a city, they were allowed to ransack it, stealing goods and valuables.
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 22 mins (2008-04-12 20:20:45 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
fiefed?
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 24 mins (2008-04-12 20:22:47 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
The Fading Suns MUSH
It is does NOT include any stipend or noble Landless nobles can work in some capacity for the fief holder in exchange for money, or negotiate a stipend from ...
fadingsuns.org/economics_frame.html - 18k - Cached - Similar pages
JSTOR: Royal Support of Students in the Thirteenth Century
59, carries a notice of a money fief given to the count of Auvergne in 1227, .... which appear to have been supplementary to the annual stipend of 10 l.19 A ...
links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0038-7134(195607)31%3A3%3C454%3ARSOSIT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-G - Similar pages
Steve Jackson Games Forums - Manor, Acres, Cost of Living and Fief ...
25 Feb 2008 ... A landed knight status 3 requires a monthly outlay of 12000 a month. ... (or give him a percentage, or a stipend), and he does the job. ...
forums.sjgames.com/showthread.php?p=543113 - 72k - Cached - Similar pages
Pronunciation Guide and Glossary for "Shogun: Total War"
bushido, literally, "the way of the samurai" or "the way of the soldier-knight" .... with either an annual stipend or a small fief; middle-ranking samurai ...
gary.appenzeller.net/ShogunGlossaryPronunciation.html - 52k - Cached - Similar pages
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 hrs (2008-04-12 22:17:27 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Please see page 64 of this site:
http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=dQ53vjKiwR0C&pg=PA64&lpg=...
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 hrs (2008-04-12 22:18:14 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Birth of the Leviathan: Building States and Regimes in Medieval ... - Google Books Result
by Thomas Ertman - 1997 - Political Science - 379 pages
... soon followed suit by introducing the acostamiento. This was an arrangement whereby the king agreed to pay a fixed stipend to a group of nobles to raise ...
books.google.co.uk/books?isbn=0521484278...
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 hrs (2008-04-12 22:21:24 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Strange, I did not send this in earlier, and yet this is what I based my contribution on!
From RAE:
acostamiento1.
(De acostar).
1. m. Acción de acostar o acostarse.
acostamiento2.
(De costa1).
1. m. desus. estipendio.
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 hrs (2008-04-12 22:21:57 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
acostamiento
masculine noun
laying down
lying down, reclining
support, favor, protection
(archaic) stipend, emolument
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 hrs (2008-04-12 22:23:54 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
The Romance of Arthur: An Anthology of Medieval Texts in Translation - Google Books Result
by James J. Wilhelm - 1994 - Literary Criticism
An enormous number of knights like you serve me voluntarily without stipend, among whom, unless you first show that you deserve it, my decision stands that ...
books.google.co.uk/books?isbn=0815315112...
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 hrs (2008-04-12 22:33:47 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
ACOSTAMIENTO - Diccionario Español - Acanomas.com
- [ Translate this page ]
Secciones > Diccionario Español > ACOSTAMIENTO. ACOSTAMIENTO. Indice General | Volver. Página 1 de 1. ACOSTAMIENTO. (De a y costa.) m. Estipendio. ...
www.acanomas.com/Diccionario-Espanol/50639/ACOSTAMIENTO.htm - 25k - Cached - Similar pages
[PDF]
Discurso de recepción de académico "SALVAR UN CASTILLO"
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat
maravedís de su acostamiento (estipendio) por el cargo que tiene de servir a los. dichos príncipes, desde 27 días del mes de enero de dicho año de 1528 que, ...
dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/fichero_articulo?codigo=2486681&orden=0 - Similar pages
Nouveau dictionnaire espagnol-françois et latin - Google Books Result
by Nicolas de Séjournant - 1790
Paga, suelda , estipendio que te da à los toldadas y gente de guerra , acostamiento. Ce dernier est ancien. PAYABLE , sm et f. Qui se doit payer. ...
books.google.co.uk/books?id=kaICAAAAQAAJ...
ARTEHISTORIA - Historia de España - Ficha Señoríos
- [ Translate this page ]
El Catálogo fue elaborado por Juan Pedro Velázquez en 1758 sobre la base de los libros de acostamiento -donde se recogían los sueldos o estipendios pagados- ...
www.artehistoria.jcyl.es/histesp/contextos/6578.htm - 31k - Cached - Similar pages
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 hrs (2008-04-12 22:49:14 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
SYLLABICATION: sti·pend
PRONUNCIATION: stpnd, -pnd
NOUN: A fixed and regular payment, such as a salary for services rendered or an allowance.
ETYMOLOGY: Middle English stipendie, from Old French, from Latin stpendium, soldier's pay, from *stipipendium : stips, stip-, a small payment + pendere, to weigh, pay; see suspend.
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 days14 hrs (2008-04-15 10:05:51 GMT) Post-grading
--------------------------------------------------
For the record, I don't think "retained" covers it at all.
Stipend, is the word.
http://216.239.59.104/search?q=cache:O1-V5mjCUmUJ:www.lahaca...
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 days14 hrs (2008-04-15 10:12:42 GMT) Post-grading
--------------------------------------------------
stipendarii
http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=syCbCvabeb0C&pg=PA51&lpg=...
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 days14 hrs (2008-04-15 10:14:10 GMT) Post-grading
--------------------------------------------------
France and the Holy Land: Frankish Culture at the End of the Crusades - Google Books Result
by Daniel H. Weiss, Lisa J. Mahoney - 2004 - History - 400 pages
In other words these crusaders were now to convert themselves into stipendarii in the service of the king, comprising a supplementary force to the French ...
books.google.co.uk/books?isbn=0801878233...
JSTOR: Changing Perceptions of the New Administrative Class in ...
In Normandy, the term stipendarii may have applied also to the king or duke's household knights.45 In Harvey's view, Henry II's early years marked an ...
links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0021-9371(199004)29%3A2%3C93%3ACPOTNA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-3 - Similar pages
JSTOR: The Camera Regis under Henry II (Continued)
The young king's servants fled from him en masse when he rebelled in Ix73 and ...... The Dialogus seems to tell us 6 that all stipendarii, by which is ...
links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0013-8266(195307)68%3A268%3C337%3ATCRUHI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-O - Similar pages
More results from links.jstor.org »
DEBATE BASTARD FEUDALISM REVISED
the king or the concerns of the local community, underlay, or. existed side-by-side with, .... garrisoned Rouen with his stipendarii in 1144 and Cardiff was ...
past.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/131/1/165.pdf - Similar pages
Italian Medieval Armies 1000-1300 - Google Books Result
by David Nicolle - 2002 - History
Yet such forces remained few, and the king nearly always needed substantial numbers of stipendarii mercenaries. Some were younger sons of the military ...
books.google.co.uk/books?isbn=1841763225...
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 days14 hrs (2008-04-15 10:15:53 GMT) Post-grading
--------------------------------------------------
Also
Stipendiary knights
English Historical Documents - Google Books Result
by David Douglas, George Malcolm Young, W. D. Handcock - 1996 - History
Wherefore stipendiary knights' were collected from all quarters, and the king ordered that provision should be made for them wherever they were, ...
books.google.co.uk/books?isbn=0415143748...
MERCENARIES AND FAMZLZA REGIS UNDER HENRY I’
and rewards to his household and his stipendiary knights;49 that Robert. probably did so is indicated by Robert of Torigny’s statement that when ...
www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1468-229X.1977.... - Similar pages
HISTORICAL
one of the Flemish stipendiary knights listed in this manuscript, John. de. Rollers, witnessed a charter of Ida, countess of Boulogne, to the abbey of ...
www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1468-2281.1994.... - Similar pages
Amazon.com: The Household Knights of King John (Cambridge Studies ...
knightly establishment, comital acta, former household knights, royal household ... money fiefs, stipendiary knights, curia regis rolls, escheated lands, ...
www.amazon.com/Household-Knights-Cambridge-Studies-Medieval... - 202k - Cached - Similar pages
The Medieval Siege - Google Books Result
by Jim Bradbury - 1992 - History
When Robert of Belleme left Bridg- north to defend itself for him against Henry I, he provided three of his own men and eighty stipendiary knights. ...
books.google.co.uk/books?isbn=0851153577...
ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies
Another symbol of the Norman era is the knight, a mounted armored soldier who is a specialist ... whether landless stipendiary knights, or military tenants, ...
www.the-orb.net/textbooks/muhlberger/norman.html - 12k - Cached - Similar pages
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 days14 hrs (2008-04-15 10:16:56 GMT) Post-grading
--------------------------------------------------
If you are translating a historical text, then stick to the terms used in historical documents.
“squires” in the terminology of Vansina (e.g., 1973: 320, 322). ...... stipended administrators who governed the growing cities as well as rural areas. ...
www.springerlink.com/index/rqx0t80th1882773.pdf - Similar pages
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 21 mins (2008-04-12 20:20:10 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
The knight was one of three types of fighting men during the middle ages: Knights, Foot Soldiers, and Archers. The medieval knight was the equivalent of the modern tank. He was covered in multiple layers of armor, and could plow through foot soldiers standing in his way. No single foot soldier or archer could stand up to any one knight. Knights were also generally the wealthiest of the three types of soldiers. This was for a good reason. It was terribly expensive to be a knight. The war horse alone could cost the equivalent of a small airplane. Armor, shields, and weapons were also very expensive. Becoming a knight was part of the feudal agreement. In return for military service, the knight received a fief. In the late middle ages, many prospective knights began to pay "shield money" to their lord so that they wouldn't have to serve in the king's army. The money was then used to create a professional army that was paid and supported by the king. These knights often fought more for pillaging than for army wages. When they captured a city, they were allowed to ransack it, stealing goods and valuables.
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 22 mins (2008-04-12 20:20:45 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
fiefed?
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 24 mins (2008-04-12 20:22:47 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
The Fading Suns MUSH
It is does NOT include any stipend or noble Landless nobles can work in some capacity for the fief holder in exchange for money, or negotiate a stipend from ...
fadingsuns.org/economics_frame.html - 18k - Cached - Similar pages
JSTOR: Royal Support of Students in the Thirteenth Century
59, carries a notice of a money fief given to the count of Auvergne in 1227, .... which appear to have been supplementary to the annual stipend of 10 l.19 A ...
links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0038-7134(195607)31%3A3%3C454%3ARSOSIT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-G - Similar pages
Steve Jackson Games Forums - Manor, Acres, Cost of Living and Fief ...
25 Feb 2008 ... A landed knight status 3 requires a monthly outlay of 12000 a month. ... (or give him a percentage, or a stipend), and he does the job. ...
forums.sjgames.com/showthread.php?p=543113 - 72k - Cached - Similar pages
Pronunciation Guide and Glossary for "Shogun: Total War"
bushido, literally, "the way of the samurai" or "the way of the soldier-knight" .... with either an annual stipend or a small fief; middle-ranking samurai ...
gary.appenzeller.net/ShogunGlossaryPronunciation.html - 52k - Cached - Similar pages
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 hrs (2008-04-12 22:17:27 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Please see page 64 of this site:
http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=dQ53vjKiwR0C&pg=PA64&lpg=...
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 hrs (2008-04-12 22:18:14 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Birth of the Leviathan: Building States and Regimes in Medieval ... - Google Books Result
by Thomas Ertman - 1997 - Political Science - 379 pages
... soon followed suit by introducing the acostamiento. This was an arrangement whereby the king agreed to pay a fixed stipend to a group of nobles to raise ...
books.google.co.uk/books?isbn=0521484278...
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 hrs (2008-04-12 22:21:24 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Strange, I did not send this in earlier, and yet this is what I based my contribution on!
From RAE:
acostamiento1.
(De acostar).
1. m. Acción de acostar o acostarse.
acostamiento2.
(De costa1).
1. m. desus. estipendio.
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 hrs (2008-04-12 22:21:57 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
acostamiento
masculine noun
laying down
lying down, reclining
support, favor, protection
(archaic) stipend, emolument
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 hrs (2008-04-12 22:23:54 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
The Romance of Arthur: An Anthology of Medieval Texts in Translation - Google Books Result
by James J. Wilhelm - 1994 - Literary Criticism
An enormous number of knights like you serve me voluntarily without stipend, among whom, unless you first show that you deserve it, my decision stands that ...
books.google.co.uk/books?isbn=0815315112...
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 hrs (2008-04-12 22:33:47 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
ACOSTAMIENTO - Diccionario Español - Acanomas.com
- [ Translate this page ]
Secciones > Diccionario Español > ACOSTAMIENTO. ACOSTAMIENTO. Indice General | Volver. Página 1 de 1. ACOSTAMIENTO. (De a y costa.) m. Estipendio. ...
www.acanomas.com/Diccionario-Espanol/50639/ACOSTAMIENTO.htm - 25k - Cached - Similar pages
[PDF]
Discurso de recepción de académico "SALVAR UN CASTILLO"
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat
maravedís de su acostamiento (estipendio) por el cargo que tiene de servir a los. dichos príncipes, desde 27 días del mes de enero de dicho año de 1528 que, ...
dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/fichero_articulo?codigo=2486681&orden=0 - Similar pages
Nouveau dictionnaire espagnol-françois et latin - Google Books Result
by Nicolas de Séjournant - 1790
Paga, suelda , estipendio que te da à los toldadas y gente de guerra , acostamiento. Ce dernier est ancien. PAYABLE , sm et f. Qui se doit payer. ...
books.google.co.uk/books?id=kaICAAAAQAAJ...
ARTEHISTORIA - Historia de España - Ficha Señoríos
- [ Translate this page ]
El Catálogo fue elaborado por Juan Pedro Velázquez en 1758 sobre la base de los libros de acostamiento -donde se recogían los sueldos o estipendios pagados- ...
www.artehistoria.jcyl.es/histesp/contextos/6578.htm - 31k - Cached - Similar pages
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 hrs (2008-04-12 22:49:14 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
SYLLABICATION: sti·pend
PRONUNCIATION: stpnd, -pnd
NOUN: A fixed and regular payment, such as a salary for services rendered or an allowance.
ETYMOLOGY: Middle English stipendie, from Old French, from Latin stpendium, soldier's pay, from *stipipendium : stips, stip-, a small payment + pendere, to weigh, pay; see suspend.
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 days14 hrs (2008-04-15 10:05:51 GMT) Post-grading
--------------------------------------------------
For the record, I don't think "retained" covers it at all.
Stipend, is the word.
http://216.239.59.104/search?q=cache:O1-V5mjCUmUJ:www.lahaca...
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 days14 hrs (2008-04-15 10:12:42 GMT) Post-grading
--------------------------------------------------
stipendarii
http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=syCbCvabeb0C&pg=PA51&lpg=...
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 days14 hrs (2008-04-15 10:14:10 GMT) Post-grading
--------------------------------------------------
France and the Holy Land: Frankish Culture at the End of the Crusades - Google Books Result
by Daniel H. Weiss, Lisa J. Mahoney - 2004 - History - 400 pages
In other words these crusaders were now to convert themselves into stipendarii in the service of the king, comprising a supplementary force to the French ...
books.google.co.uk/books?isbn=0801878233...
JSTOR: Changing Perceptions of the New Administrative Class in ...
In Normandy, the term stipendarii may have applied also to the king or duke's household knights.45 In Harvey's view, Henry II's early years marked an ...
links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0021-9371(199004)29%3A2%3C93%3ACPOTNA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-3 - Similar pages
JSTOR: The Camera Regis under Henry II (Continued)
The young king's servants fled from him en masse when he rebelled in Ix73 and ...... The Dialogus seems to tell us 6 that all stipendarii, by which is ...
links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0013-8266(195307)68%3A268%3C337%3ATCRUHI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-O - Similar pages
More results from links.jstor.org »
DEBATE BASTARD FEUDALISM REVISED
the king or the concerns of the local community, underlay, or. existed side-by-side with, .... garrisoned Rouen with his stipendarii in 1144 and Cardiff was ...
past.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/131/1/165.pdf - Similar pages
Italian Medieval Armies 1000-1300 - Google Books Result
by David Nicolle - 2002 - History
Yet such forces remained few, and the king nearly always needed substantial numbers of stipendarii mercenaries. Some were younger sons of the military ...
books.google.co.uk/books?isbn=1841763225...
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 days14 hrs (2008-04-15 10:15:53 GMT) Post-grading
--------------------------------------------------
Also
Stipendiary knights
English Historical Documents - Google Books Result
by David Douglas, George Malcolm Young, W. D. Handcock - 1996 - History
Wherefore stipendiary knights' were collected from all quarters, and the king ordered that provision should be made for them wherever they were, ...
books.google.co.uk/books?isbn=0415143748...
MERCENARIES AND FAMZLZA REGIS UNDER HENRY I’
and rewards to his household and his stipendiary knights;49 that Robert. probably did so is indicated by Robert of Torigny’s statement that when ...
www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1468-229X.1977.... - Similar pages
HISTORICAL
one of the Flemish stipendiary knights listed in this manuscript, John. de. Rollers, witnessed a charter of Ida, countess of Boulogne, to the abbey of ...
www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1468-2281.1994.... - Similar pages
Amazon.com: The Household Knights of King John (Cambridge Studies ...
knightly establishment, comital acta, former household knights, royal household ... money fiefs, stipendiary knights, curia regis rolls, escheated lands, ...
www.amazon.com/Household-Knights-Cambridge-Studies-Medieval... - 202k - Cached - Similar pages
The Medieval Siege - Google Books Result
by Jim Bradbury - 1992 - History
When Robert of Belleme left Bridg- north to defend itself for him against Henry I, he provided three of his own men and eighty stipendiary knights. ...
books.google.co.uk/books?isbn=0851153577...
ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies
Another symbol of the Norman era is the knight, a mounted armored soldier who is a specialist ... whether landless stipendiary knights, or military tenants, ...
www.the-orb.net/textbooks/muhlberger/norman.html - 12k - Cached - Similar pages
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 days14 hrs (2008-04-15 10:16:56 GMT) Post-grading
--------------------------------------------------
If you are translating a historical text, then stick to the terms used in historical documents.
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