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English to Portuguese: Átomos General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Engineering (general)
Source text - English Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.
This is known as the photoelectric effect.
Translation - Portuguese Os átomos, as menores partículas que retêm as propriedades da matéria, são feitos de prótons, elétrons e nêutrons.
Os prótons possuem carga positiva; os elétrons possuem uma carga negativa que cancela a carga positiva do próton.
Os nêutrons são partículas que são similares a um prótons, mas têm carga neutra.
Não há diferenças entre as cargas positivas e negativas, exceto que as partículas com a mesma carga se repelem mutuamente e as com cargas opostas se atraem.
Se um próton positivo e um elétron negativo solitários forem colocados próximos um do outro eles se combinam para formar um átomo de hidrogênio.
Essa repulsão e atração (força entre partículas estacionárias carregadas) é conhecida como Força Eletrostática e se estende teoricamente até o infinito, mas se dilui à medida que a distância entre as partículas aumenta.
Quando um átomo possui um ou mais elétrons faltando ele fica com uma carga positiva, e quando ele tem pelo menos um elétron extra ele fica com carga negativa.
Ter uma carga positiva ou negativa faz um átomo ser um íon.
Os átomos só ganham ou perdem prótons e elétrons através da fusão, fissão e decaimento radioativo.
Embora os átomos sejam feitos de muitas partículas e os objetos sejam feitos de muitos átomos, eles se comportam de forma similar às partículas carregadas em termos de como eles repelem e atraem.
Em um átomo os prótons e nêutrons se combinam para formar um núcleo rigidamente acoplado.
Esse núcleo é rodeado por uma vasta nuvem de elétrons circulando-o a uma certa distância, mas mantida próxima dos prótons através da atração eletromagnética (a força eletrostática mencionada anteriormente).
A nuvem existe como uma série de camadas/bandas sobrepostas, em que as bandas de valência internas são preenchidas com elétrons e estão fortemente vinculadas ao átomo.
As bandas externas de condução não contêm elétrons, exceto aqueles que se aceleraram até as bandas de condução pelo ganho de energia.
Com energia suficiente, um elétron escapará do átomo (compara-se à velocidade de escape de um foguete espacial).
Quando um elétron na banda de condução desacelera e cai para outra banda de condução ou banda de valência, um fóton é emitido.
Isto é conhecido como efeito fotoelétrico.
I am a Brazilian native, son of American mother and educated in the Our Lady of Mercy School (English-speaking school for the US community in Rio de Janeiro), with a bachelor degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (1977) from a major university of Rio de Janeiro (Pontifícia Universidade Católica - Catholic University).
As professional background, I have over thirty years of experience with technology and IT, including business plans, product/project management, computer marketing & maintenance, software development, technical documentation production and corporate communications.
Aside my professional career as engineer, I have been working with technical translation, proofreading and software localization since 1997. I am currently working, since 2007, for Cobra Tecnologia S.A. (computer and ATM equipment services provider company in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) as IT specialist.
My qualifications include power user of up-to-date major computer productivity tools – Windows, Internet, Office environment (Word, Excel, Access, Power Point, VBA), CAT tools (SDL Trados Studio Freelance, SDL Multiterm, SDL Trados, Across, Idiom, LogoPort) and associated applications - spell checkers, terminology managers/databases, quality assurance, translation memory. As working platform, updated hardware and software and fast always-on cable connection (30 Mbps) with internet.
I am member of ABRATES (Brazilian Association of Translators) and my specialty fields are IT, Computer Science, Engineering, Industry, Marketing, and Business.
I have done translation projects for the following major companies worldwide:
Abbot, Aberdeen, Air Products, Alcoa, Apple, Ariel, ASME, Audio Technica, Augers, Avery Dennison, Basler, British Telecommunications, Broward General Hospital, Caterpillar, Cummins, Diebold, Doble, Dylan, EDI, EDM, EDS, Embratel, Fluke, Fuji, GE Energy, Genie, Google, Gradall, Green Star, Grove, Hougen, Hewlett Packard, JD Power, John Deere, Joy Mining, Klein, Kodak, Komatsu, Krone, Lucent, Manitowoc, Markem, McDonald, Microsoft, Motorola, Navteq, NCR, Novell, Oetiker, Panduit, Parker Hannifin, Perkin-Elmer, Petrobrás, Precor, Raytheon, Respironics, Roadtec, Rockwell, SAP, Schawk, Shure, Sperian, Standard Integrity, Stiefel, Swisher, Syntex, Teledata, Timken, Toshiba, TRW, Vitech, Waratah, Westex, Westinghouse, YouTube.
