The translation as "colony" is useless.

The English equivalent is estate, in the municipal, not rural sense. They were designed and built as a unit, (hence the sameness of the buildings and dwellings) for a company, municipality or charitable institution. Because of their planned development, they often show a distinct road pattern as well.

There are similar estates from the past in England, like the Peabody Estates in London, built by the Peabody Fund started in the 1860-s, now the Peabody Trust, or Bournville, a village built by the Cadburys of Cadbury chocolate fame for their employees.

Nowadays the council housing estates are built in similar fashion.

In Budapest, there are a number of these estates. The ones you mentioned are all there, but it is difficult to find relevant information about them on the internet.
The Ganz-telep is a spin-off; a garden suburb - "Ganzkertváros" - was established for the Ganz factory workers in the 1920-s, and those who did not manage to get a plot there, participated in the second wave of building on the area now called Ganz-telep.

Here is another well-known estate, Wekerle-telep.
hungarystartshere.com/Wekerle-Estate-Wekerle-telep-Budapest
with more pictures here:
www.sulinet.hu/eletestudomany/archiv/1998/.../wekerle.html
This estate has a distinct, centralised square layout